Nosofsky R M
Psychology Department, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1991 Feb;17(1):3-27. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.17.1.3.
Experiments were conducted in which Ss made classification, recognition, and similarity judgments for 34 schematic faces. A multidimensional scaling (MDS) solution for the faces was derived on the basis of the similarity judgments. This MDS solution was then used in conjunction with an exemplar-similarity model to accurately predict Ss' classification and recognition judgments. Evidence was provided that Ss allocated attention to the psychological dimensions differentially for classification and recognition. The distribution of attention came close to the ideal-observer distribution for classification, and some tendencies in that direction were observed for recognition. Evidence was also provided for interactive effects of individual exemplar frequencies and similarities on classification and recognition, in accord with the predictions of the exemplar model. Unexpectedly, however, the frequency effects appeared to be larger for classification than for recognition.
进行了一些实验，其中被试对34张示意图脸进行分类、识别和相似性判断。基于相似性判断得出了这些脸的多维标度（MDS）解决方案。然后，这个MDS解决方案与一个范例相似性模型结合使用，以准确预测被试的分类和识别判断。有证据表明，被试在分类和识别时对心理维度的注意力分配不同。注意力分布在分类时接近理想观察者分布，在识别时也观察到了朝那个方向的一些趋势。还提供了证据表明个体范例频率和相似性对分类和识别有交互作用，这与范例模型的预测一致。然而，出乎意料的是，频率效应在分类中似乎比在识别中更大。
