Ahrén B
Department of Surgery, Lund University, Sweden.
Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1991 Mar;124(3):225-32.
It has been demonstrated that nerve fibres storing immunoreactivity of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, peptide histidine iso-leucine, neuropeptide Y, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, galanin, and cholecystokinin exists in the thyroid, though the content of these neuropeptides is lower in the thyroid than in other organs, like in the gut. Furthermore, the parafollicular C-cells have been shown to harbour several different peptides: calcitonin, somatostatin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, katacalcin and helodermin. In addition, other regulatory peptides like atrial natriuretic hormone, growth factors, and cytokines are also produced in the thyroid. This review summarizes today's knowledge on the effects of these peptides on thyroid hormone secretion and their possible role in thyroid physiology. So far, functional studies have failed to establish any convincing effect of substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, galanin and cholecystokinin on basal or TSH-stimulated thyroid hormone secretion. In contrast, vasoactive intestinal peptide has convincingly been demonstrated to stimulate thyroid hormone secretion, and neuropeptide Y to potentiate the inhibitory action of noradrenaline on TSH-induced thyroid hormone secretion. This suggests that these two neuropeptides are involved in the intrathyroidal neural regulation of thyroid function. Moreover, the C-cell peptides somatostatin, calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and katacalcin seem to be involved as inhibitors of thyroid hormone secretion, whereas both gastrin-releasing peptide and helodermin stimulate thyroid hormone secretion. Atrial natriuretic hormone and growth factors, and cytokines seem to inhibit thyroid hormone secretion. Hence, studies undertaken so far suggest a local intrathyroidal peptidergic regulatory concept, the exact role of which remains to be established.
已经证实，甲状腺中存在储存血管活性肠多肽、肽组氨酸异亮氨酸、神经肽Y、P物质、降钙素基因相关肽、甘丙肽和胆囊收缩素免疫反应性的神经纤维，不过这些神经肽在甲状腺中的含量低于在肠道等其他器官中的含量。此外，已表明甲状腺滤泡旁C细胞含有几种不同的肽：降钙素、生长抑素、降钙素基因相关肽、胃泌素释放肽、卡他钙素和海洛德明。此外，甲状腺还产生其他调节肽，如心房利钠激素、生长因子和细胞因子。这篇综述总结了目前关于这些肽对甲状腺激素分泌的影响及其在甲状腺生理学中可能作用的知识。到目前为止，功能研究未能证实P物质、降钙素基因相关肽、甘丙肽和胆囊收缩素对基础或促甲状腺激素刺激的甲状腺激素分泌有任何令人信服的作用。相反，血管活性肠肽已被确凿地证明能刺激甲状腺激素分泌，神经肽Y能增强去甲肾上腺素对促甲状腺激素诱导的甲状腺激素分泌的抑制作用。这表明这两种神经肽参与了甲状腺功能的甲状腺内神经调节。此外，C细胞肽生长抑素、降钙素、降钙素基因相关肽和卡他钙素似乎作为甲状腺激素分泌的抑制剂起作用，而胃泌素释放肽和海洛德明都能刺激甲状腺激素分泌。心房利钠激素、生长因子和细胞因子似乎抑制甲状腺激素分泌。因此，迄今为止进行的研究提出了一种甲状腺内局部肽能调节概念，其确切作用仍有待确定。
