Glanzer M, Adams J K, Iverson G
Department of Psychology, New York University, New York 10003.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1991 Jan;17(1):81-93. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.17.1.81.
The mirror effect is a strong regularity in recognition memory: If there are two conditions, A and B, with A giving higher recognition accuracy, then old items in A are recognized as old better than old items in B, and also new items in A are recognized as new better than new items in B. The mirror effect is explained by attention/likelihood theory, which also makes several new, counterintuitive predictions. One is that any variable, such as forgetting, that affects recognition changes the responses to new as well as old stimuli. In terms of underlying distributions, forgetting produces concentering, the bilateral movement of distributions, both new (noise) and old (signal), toward a midpoint. Data from two forced-choice experiments are reported that support the prediction of concentering and other predictions drawn from the theory. It is argued that current theories of memory, which are strength theories, cannot handle these regularities.
如果存在两种条件A和B，A的识别准确率更高，那么A中的旧项目比B中的旧项目被更好地识别为旧项目，而且A中的新项目也比B中的新项目被更好地识别为新项目。镜像效应由注意/似然理论解释，该理论还做出了一些新的、违反直觉的预测。其中之一是，任何影响识别的变量，如遗忘，都会改变对新刺激和旧刺激的反应。就潜在分布而言，遗忘会产生集中，即新（噪声）和旧（信号）分布都朝着中点的双向移动。报告了来自两个二选一实验的数据，这些数据支持了集中预测以及该理论得出的其他预测。有人认为，当前作为强度理论的记忆理论无法处理这些规律。
