Burns D J
Department of Psychology, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1990 Nov;16(6):1060-7. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.16.6.1060.
Single- and multifactor accounts of the generation effect (better memory for internally generated items than for externally presented items) were tested. Single-factor theories suggest that generation induces either stimulus-response relational processing or response-oriented processing. Multifactor theories suggest that generation induces both types of processing. In the first three experiments subjects either read or generated responses, and the degree of categorical structure within the list was manipulated. When categorical structure was minimal, large generation effects were observed for free recall and recognition, but not for cued recall. When categorical structure was high, however, a generation effect was observed for cued recall but not for recognition or free recall. A fourth experiment was performed to eliminate an uninteresting interpretation of the results. It is argued that a multifactor account is needed to explain these findings.
对生成效应（对内部生成项目的记忆优于外部呈现项目）的单因素和多因素解释进行了测试。单因素理论认为，生成会引发刺激-反应关系加工或反应导向加工。多因素理论认为，生成会引发这两种加工类型。在前三个实验中，受试者要么阅读要么生成反应，并对列表中的分类结构程度进行了操纵。当分类结构最小时，自由回忆和识别中观察到较大的生成效应，但线索回忆中未观察到。然而，当分类结构较高时，线索回忆中观察到了生成效应，但识别或自由回忆中未观察到。进行了第四个实验以消除对结果的一种无趣解释。有人认为需要用多因素解释来解释这些发现。
