Jones Julian R, Lee Peter D, Hench Larry L
Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2006 Jan 15;364(1838):263-81. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2005.1689.
Biological organisms have evolved to produce hierarchical three-dimensional structures with dimensions ranging from nanometres to metres. Replicating these complex living hierarchical structures for the purpose of repair or replacement of degenerating tissues is one of the great challenges of chemistry, physics, biology and materials science. This paper describes how the use of hierarchical porous materials in tissue engineering applications has the potential to shift treatments from tissue replacement to tissue regeneration. The criteria that a porous material must fulfil to be considered ideal for bone tissue engineering applications are listed. Bioactive glass foam scaffolds have the potential to fulfil all the criteria, as they have a hierarchical porous structure similar to that of trabecular bone, they can bond to bone and soft tissue and they release silicon and calcium ions that have been found to up-regulate seven families of genes in osteogenic cells. Their hierarchical structure can be tailored for the required rate of tissue bonding, resorption and delivery of dissolution products. This paper describes how the structure and properties of the scaffolds are being optimized with respect to cell response and that tissue culture techniques must be optimized to enable growth of new bone in vitro.
生物有机体已经进化出能够产生尺寸从纳米到米不等的分层三维结构。为了修复或替换退化组织而复制这些复杂的生物分层结构是化学、物理、生物学和材料科学面临的重大挑战之一。本文描述了在组织工程应用中使用分层多孔材料如何有可能将治疗从组织替换转变为组织再生。列出了一种多孔材料要被认为是骨组织工程应用的理想材料必须满足的标准。生物活性玻璃泡沫支架有可能满足所有标准，因为它们具有与松质骨相似的分层多孔结构，它们可以与骨和软组织结合，并且它们释放的硅和钙离子已被发现能上调成骨细胞中七个基因家族。它们的分层结构可以根据所需的组织结合、吸收和溶解产物释放速率进行定制。本文描述了如何针对细胞反应优化支架的结构和性能，以及必须优化组织培养技术以实现体外新骨生长。
