Bonfield William
Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2006 Jan 15;364(1838):227-32. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2005.1692.
Biomaterials are either modified natural or synthetic materials, with an appropriate response in the host tissue, which find application in a wide spectrum of implants and prostheses used in reconstructive medicine. The subsequent integration and longevity of the implanted device depends on the effectiveness of the associated biological repair. Hence, there has been considerable interest in the development of novel, second generation, biomaterials, which are favourably bioactive in terms of promoting the desired cellular response in vivo. Such biomaterials in a porous form can also act as cellular scaffolds and allow in vitro, as well as in vivo incorporation of the appropriate tissue cells, with potential control of the sequence of cell attachment, proliferation and the production of extra-cellular matrix. Such generic tissue engineering depends critically on the porous architecture of the biomaterial scaffold so as to allow both the cellular ingress and vascularization required to create a living tissue. The particular requirements of tissue-engineering scaffolds with respect to macro- and micro-porosity, as well as chemistry, are reviewed.
生物材料是经过改性的天然或合成材料，能在宿主组织中产生适当反应，可应用于重建医学中广泛使用的各种植入物和假体。植入装置随后的整合和使用寿命取决于相关生物修复的有效性。因此，人们对开发新型第二代生物材料产生了浓厚兴趣，这类材料在促进体内所需细胞反应方面具有良好的生物活性。这种多孔形式的生物材料还可作为细胞支架，允许在体外以及体内纳入适当的组织细胞，并有可能控制细胞附着、增殖和细胞外基质产生的顺序。这种通用的组织工程关键取决于生物材料支架的多孔结构，以便实现创建活组织所需的细胞侵入和血管化。本文综述了组织工程支架在宏观和微观孔隙率以及化学方面的特殊要求。
