Amatya N M, Shrestha B, Lekhak B
Central Department of Microbiology, TU, Kathmandu, Nepal.
JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2007 Jul-Sep;46(167):112-8.
The presence of bacteria in blood is simply known as bacteraemia. The main aim of this study is to determine the bacteraemia in patients visiting Kathmandu Model Hospital and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates with special interest on ciprofloxacin. This prospective study was carried out in microbiology laboratory, Kathmandu Model Hospital from April 2005 to June 2005. Standard procedure was followed for blood sample collection. The bacteria were isolated and identified by standard microbiological procedure. Further, antibiotic susceptibility test was determined by NCCLS recommended Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Out of 532 culture requests, 123 samples showed evidential microbial growth. The number of isolate of Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A and Escherichia coli were 78, 44 and one respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility test demonstrated that chloramphenicol was the foremost drug of choice among the tested antibiotics with its sensitive rate of 98.4%. All the isolates of Salmonella typhi were susceptible to ceftriaxone and all isolates of Salmonella paratyphi A were susceptible to chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and amoxycillin. Ciprofloxacin resistant serotype of Salmonella was not isolated but out of 16 isolated serovar of Typhi and 10 serovar of Paratyphi A screened with nalidixic acid, 10 serovar of Typhi and all serovar of Paratyphi A were found to be resistant. Three isolates of Salmonella typhi were found as multidrug resistant (MDR) whereas no MDR was found in Salmonella paratyphi A. From this it can be concluded that Salmonella bacteraemia is more than other. Although nalidixic acid resistant serovars were isolated, ciprofloxacin resistant serovar were not present.
血液中存在细菌简称为菌血症。本研究的主要目的是确定就诊于加德满都模范医院的患者的菌血症情况以及分离菌株的抗生素敏感性模式，尤其关注环丙沙星。这项前瞻性研究于2005年4月至2005年6月在加德满都模范医院的微生物实验室进行。血液样本采集遵循标准程序。细菌通过标准微生物学程序进行分离和鉴定。此外，抗生素敏感性试验采用美国国家临床实验室标准化委员会（NCCLS）推荐的 Kirby-Bauer 纸片扩散法测定。在532份培养申请中，123份样本显示有明显的微生物生长。伤寒沙门氏菌、甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌的分离株数量分别为78株、44株和1株。抗生素敏感性试验表明，氯霉素是受试抗生素中首选的药物，其敏感率为98.4%。所有伤寒沙门氏菌分离株对头孢曲松敏感，所有甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌分离株对氯霉素、复方新诺明和阿莫西林敏感。未分离出对环丙沙星耐药的沙门氏菌血清型，但在用萘啶酸筛选的16株伤寒血清型和10株甲型副伤寒血清型中，发现10株伤寒血清型和所有甲型副伤寒血清型耐药。发现3株伤寒沙门氏菌为多重耐药（MDR），而甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌未发现多重耐药。由此可以得出结论，沙门氏菌菌血症比其他菌血症更为常见。虽然分离出了对萘啶酸耐药的血清型，但未发现对环丙沙星耐药的血清型。
