Osório Joana, Rétaux Sylvie
UPR 2197 Développement, Evolution, Plasticité du Système Nerveux, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, C.N.R.S., Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Dev Genes Evol. 2008 May;218(5):221-35. doi: 10.1007/s00427-008-0208-1. Epub 2008 Feb 15.
Lampreys are a key species to study the evolution of morphological characters at the dawn of Craniates and throughout the evolution of the craniate's phylum. Here, we review a number of research fields where studies on lampreys have recently brought significant and fundamental insights on the timing and mechanisms of evolution, on the amazing diversification of morphology and on the emergence of novelties among Craniates. We report recent example studies on neural crest, muscle and the acquisition of jaws, where important technical advancements in lamprey developmental biology have been made (morpholino injections, protein-soaked bead applications or even the first transgenesis trials). We describe progress in the understanding and knowledge about lamprey anatomy and physiology (skeleton, immune system and buccal secretion), ecology (life cycle, embryology), phylogeny (genome duplications, monophyly of cyclostomes), paleontology, embryonic development and the beginnings of lamprey genomics. Finally, in a special focus on the nervous system, we describe how changes in signaling, neurogenesis or neuronal migration patterns during brain development may be at the origin of some important differences observed between lamprey and gnathostome brains.
七鳃鳗是研究脊椎动物起源时形态特征进化以及整个脊椎动物门进化过程的关键物种。在此，我们回顾了多个研究领域，近期关于七鳃鳗的研究在进化的时间和机制、形态的惊人多样性以及脊椎动物新特征的出现等方面带来了重要且基础的见解。我们报告了近期关于神经嵴、肌肉和颌骨获取的实例研究，其中七鳃鳗发育生物学取得了重要的技术进步（吗啉代寡核苷酸注射、蛋白包被珠应用甚至首次转基因试验）。我们描述了在七鳃鳗解剖学和生理学（骨骼、免疫系统和口腔分泌物）、生态学（生命周期、胚胎学）、系统发育学（基因组复制、圆口纲的单系性）、古生物学、胚胎发育以及七鳃鳗基因组学开端等方面的理解和知识进展。最后，特别关注神经系统，我们描述了大脑发育过程中信号传导、神经发生或神经元迁移模式的变化如何可能是七鳃鳗和有颌类动物大脑之间观察到的一些重要差异的起源。
