Serna-Gutiérrez Araceli, Castro-Juarez Alejandro Arturo, Romero-Martínez Martín, Alemán-Mateo Heliodoro, Díaz-Zavala Rolando Giovanni, Quihui-Cota Luis, Álvarez-Hernández Gerardo, Gallegos-Aguilar Ana Cristina, Esparza-Romero Julián
Sociocultural Department, Technological Institute of Sonora, 85137, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, México.
Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Public Nutrition and Health, Nutrition Coordination, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD, A.C.), 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, México.
BMC Public Health. 2022 Feb 14;22(1):308. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-12702-2.
The Yaquis are an Indigenous group who inhabit in the state of Sonora in northwestern Mexico. This group has experienced changes in their lifestyle, moving from a traditional lifestyle to a more modern one, resulting in an increase of obesity and its comorbidities. However, few studies have been done in this group. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity and to identify the factors associated with body mass index (BMI) in a representative sample of Indigenous Yaqui people from Sonora, Mexico.
A cross-sectional survey with multistage sampling was conducted among adults (N = 351) with residence in Yaqui traditional villages (Vícam, Pótam, Loma de Guamúchil, Loma de Bácum, Tórim, Ráhum, Huiribis or Belem). Anthropometric measurements were taken to diagnose overweight, obesity and central obesity. Food frequency and physical activity (PA) questionnaires designed for the Yaqui population were applied, as well as sociodemographic and clinical history questionnaires. The factors associated with BMI were assessed using multiple linear regression considering the complex design of the sampling.
The prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity in the population were 36.5%, 35.0% and 76.0%, respectively. Having higher values of the modernization index (β = 0.20, p = 0.049) was associated with a higher BMI, while having a higher consumption of a "prudent" dietary pattern (traditional dishes, fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy) (β = -0.58, p = 0.009) and performing a greater number of hours per week of vigorous PA (β = -0.14, p = 0.017) were associated with a lower BMI.
The prevalence of the studied abnormalities is high. The evidence presented in this study suggests that interventions are needed and more research is required to determine the appropriate components of such interventions, in order to meet the needs of the Yaqui people.
雅基人是居住在墨西哥西北部索诺拉州的一个原住民群体。该群体经历了生活方式的变化，从传统生活方式转变为更现代的生活方式，导致肥胖及其合并症的增加。然而，针对这个群体的研究很少。本研究的目的是确定超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖的患病率，并在墨西哥索诺拉州具有代表性的雅基原住民样本中识别与体重指数（BMI）相关的因素。
对居住在雅基传统村庄（维卡姆、波塔姆、洛马德瓜穆奇尔、洛马德巴库姆、托里姆、拉胡姆、惠里比斯或贝伦）的成年人（N = 351）进行了多阶段抽样的横断面调查。进行人体测量以诊断超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖。应用了为雅基人群设计的食物频率和身体活动（PA）问卷，以及社会人口学和临床病史问卷。考虑到抽样的复杂设计，使用多元线性回归评估与BMI相关的因素。
该人群中超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖的患病率分别为36.5%、35.0%和76.0%。现代化指数值较高（β = 0.20，p = 0.049）与较高的BMI相关，而“谨慎”饮食模式（传统菜肴、水果、蔬菜和低脂乳制品）的摄入量较高（β = -0.58，p = 0.009）以及每周进行剧烈PA的时间较多（β = -0.14，p = 0.017）与较低的BMI相关。
所研究异常情况的患病率很高。本研究提供的证据表明需要进行干预，并且需要更多研究来确定此类干预的适当组成部分，以满足雅基人的需求。
