Mimesh Samara A, Al-Khenaizan Sultan, Memish Ziad A
Aesthetic Dermatology and Laser Center, Royal Clinic, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Clin Dermatol. 2008 Jan-Feb;26(1):52-61. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.09.019.
Hajj is 1 of the 5 pillars of Islam. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been privileged to host this event, which brings close to 2 million pilgrims from all over the world every year. During this holy ritual, the Muslims gather in Makkah before starting the journey. Recorded temperatures during the Hajj time is in the range between 37 degrees C and 45 degrees C. Overcrowding and the hot climate subject the pilgrims to environmental and health hazards. Dermatologic conditions, whether exacerbations of preexisting disease or the occurrence of new ones, account for 4.5% to 5.5% of all diseases seen during the 3-week periods of the Hajj. An overview of the mission of Hajj will be presented with an in-depth systematic review of dermatologic diseases seen at local hospitals in Makkah. Because the skin is the largest body organ and is the frontier defense for many environmental challenges, skin problems during the Hajj journey are not uncommon. The degree of heat and humidity may lead to exacerbation of preexisting cutaneous diseases or the occurrence of new ones. Overcrowding and poor hygiene also contribute to a myriad of infections: viral, bacterial, fungal, and/or parasitic. Skin diseases during Hajj can be divided into 2 broad categories, infectious and non-infectious. Unfortunately, despite the magnitude of Hajj and its existence for centuries, only a few reports and studies have been published about skin diseases. Preventative measures such as sunscreens, umbrellas, and protective footwear should be encouraged. The spread of cutaneous infections (fungal, viral, and bacterial) may be reduced with proper pretravel counseling and use of proper therapy.
朝觐是伊斯兰教五大支柱之一。沙特阿拉伯王国有幸主办这一活动，每年有近200万来自世界各地的朝圣者参加。在这个神圣的仪式期间，穆斯林在开始旅程前聚集在麦加。朝觐期间记录的温度在37摄氏度至45摄氏度之间。过度拥挤和炎热的气候使朝圣者面临环境和健康危害。皮肤病，无论是原有疾病的加重还是新疾病的出现，在朝觐的3周期间所见到的所有疾病中占4.5%至5.5%。本文将概述朝觐的使命，并对麦加当地医院所见的皮肤病进行深入系统的综述。由于皮肤是人体最大的器官，也是应对许多环境挑战的前沿防线，朝觐旅程中的皮肤问题并不罕见。炎热和潮湿的程度可能导致原有皮肤病加重或出现新的皮肤病。过度拥挤和卫生条件差也会导致多种感染：病毒感染、细菌感染、真菌感染和/或寄生虫感染。朝觐期间的皮肤病可分为两大类，感染性和非感染性。不幸的是，尽管朝觐规模宏大且已存在数百年，但关于皮肤病的报道和研究却很少。应鼓励采取防晒、打伞和穿防护鞋等预防措施。通过适当的行前咨询和使用适当的治疗方法，可以减少皮肤感染（真菌、病毒和细菌感染）的传播。
