He Feng J, Marrero Naomi M, MacGregor Graham A
Blood Pressure Unit, Cardiac and Vascular Sciences, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, United Kingdom.
Hypertension. 2008 Mar;51(3):629-34. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.100990.
Dietary salt is a major determinant of fluid intake in adults; however, little is known about this relationship in children. Sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption is related to childhood obesity, but it is unclear whether there is a link between salt and sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption. We analyzed the data of a cross-sectional study, the National Diet and Nutrition Survey for young people in Great Britain. Salt intake and fluid intake were assessed in 1688 participants aged 4 to 18 years, using a 7-day dietary record. There was a significant association between salt intake and total fluid, as well as sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption (P<0.001), after adjusting for potential confounding factors. A difference of 1 g/d in salt intake was associated with a difference of 100 and 27 g/d in total fluid and sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption, respectively. These results, in conjunction with other evidence, particularly that from experimental studies where only salt intake was changed, demonstrate that salt is a major determinant of fluid and sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption during childhood. If salt intake in children in the United Kingdom was reduced by half (mean decrease: 3 g/d), there would be an average reduction of approximately 2.3 sugar-sweetened soft drinks per week per child. A reduction in salt intake could, therefore, play a role in helping to reduce childhood obesity through its effect on sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption. This would have a beneficial effect on preventing cardiovascular disease independent of and additive to the effect of salt reduction on blood pressure.
膳食盐是成年人液体摄入量的主要决定因素；然而，对于儿童中这种关系却知之甚少。饮用含糖软饮料与儿童肥胖有关，但盐与饮用含糖软饮料之间是否存在关联尚不清楚。我们分析了一项横断面研究的数据，即英国年轻人的全国饮食与营养调查。采用7天饮食记录对1688名4至18岁参与者的盐摄入量和液体摄入量进行了评估。在调整潜在混杂因素后，盐摄入量与总液体摄入量以及含糖软饮料的消费量之间存在显著关联（P<0.001）。盐摄入量每增加1克/天，总液体摄入量和含糖软饮料消费量分别增加100毫升/天和27毫升/天。这些结果与其他证据，特别是仅改变盐摄入量的实验研究结果相结合，表明盐是儿童期液体和含糖软饮料消费的主要决定因素。如果英国儿童的盐摄入量减半（平均减少：3克/天），每个儿童每周平均将减少约2.3杯含糖软饮料的饮用。因此，减少盐摄入量可能通过影响含糖软饮料的消费，在帮助降低儿童肥胖方面发挥作用。这将对预防心血管疾病产生有益影响，这一影响独立于盐摄入量降低对血压的影响，且具有累加效应。
