McKenna J P, Fornataro-Clerici L M, McMenamin P G, Leonard R J
Family Practice Residency Program, Medical Center, Beaver, Pa.
Am Fam Physician. 1991 Jul;44(1):123-9.
Cancer of the larynx occurs most often in men between 50 and 70 years of age. Cigarette smoking and alcohol are responsible for more than 75 percent of cases. Hoarseness is the most common presenting complaint. If hoarseness persists for more than two weeks, laryngoscopy is indicated. Clinical staging utilizes direct laryngoscopy, esophagoscopy and bronchoscopy to exclude synchronous malignancies. The five-year cure rate, with preservation of voice and glottic function, is as high as 90 percent if the lesions of the vocal cords are found in an early stage. Total laryngectomy is required for more extensive disease. Speech rehabilitation has been revolutionized by tracheoesophageal speech techniques.
喉癌最常发生于50至70岁的男性。超过75%的病例由吸烟和饮酒所致。声音嘶哑是最常见的就诊主诉。如果声音嘶哑持续超过两周，则需进行喉镜检查。临床分期采用直接喉镜检查、食管镜检查和支气管镜检查以排除同步性恶性肿瘤。如果声带病变早期被发现，在保留声音和喉功能的情况下，五年治愈率高达90%。对于病变范围更广的疾病则需要进行全喉切除术。气管食管语音技术使言语康复发生了革命性变化。
