Kaiser Grady E, Womack John W, Green John S, Pollard Ben, Miller Greg S, Crouse Stephen F
Department of Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2008 Jan;22(1):243-9. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31815f5d97.
We are aware of no published research in which the morphological profiles of first-year collegiate football players are characterized. In light of the known association between obesity and cardiovascular disease and recent data suggesting an increased frequency of obesity and early death in professional football players, we have compiled a morphological profile of 65 freshman and transfer recruits (age = 18.4 +/- 1.2 years) from a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I football program. Measured variables included height (HT), body mass (BM), and body fat percentage (BF) (hydrostatic method). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using HT and weight variables. Individuals were grouped by player position for descriptive statistical analysis. The means for all 65 players were as follows: HT = 189 +/- 7 cm, BM = 106.5 +/- 4.8 kg, BF = 15 +/- 7%, and BMI = 29.8 +/- 4.7. Mean data from these collegiate athletes were compared to recently published data from professional players. By comparison, the average HT, BM, BF, and BMI of the professional football athletes were 188 +/- 4 cm, 107 +/- 4.8 kg, 14 +/- 5%, and 30.1 +/- 1.9, respectively. While the average BMIs of the collegiate athletes in this study would be classified as overweight or obese, the BFs were found to be within an acceptable range for health status. These data provide important indicators of morphological characteristics and BM health risks of new football recruits at a Division I university. The data presented also provide an historical basis for (a) evaluating both the conditioning of first-year incoming athletes, (b) determining the physical development of the athletes as they progress through the training program, and (c) charting the morphological changes that occur in collegiate football throughout time that may contribute to increased health risks to the athletes.
据我们所知，目前尚无已发表的研究对大学一年级橄榄球运动员的形态特征进行描述。鉴于肥胖与心血管疾病之间已知的关联，以及近期数据表明职业橄榄球运动员肥胖和早死的频率增加，我们汇总了来自美国国家大学体育协会（NCAA）一级橄榄球项目的65名新生和转校生（年龄 = 18.4 ± 1.2岁）的形态特征。测量变量包括身高（HT）、体重（BM）和体脂百分比（BF）（水下称重法）。体重指数（BMI）通过身高和体重变量计算得出。为进行描述性统计分析，将个体按球员位置分组。所有65名球员的均值如下：HT = 189 ± 7厘米，BM = 106.5 ± 4.8千克，BF = 15 ± 7%，BMI = 29.8 ± 4.7。将这些大学生运动员的平均数据与近期发表的职业球员数据进行比较。相比之下，职业橄榄球运动员的平均HT、BM、BF和BMI分别为188 ± 4厘米、107 ± 4.8千克、14 ± 5%和30.1 ± 1.9。虽然本研究中大学生运动员的平均BMI会被归类为超重或肥胖，但发现他们的体脂率处于健康状况可接受的范围内。这些数据为一所一级大学新招募的橄榄球运动员的形态特征和体重健康风险提供了重要指标。所呈现的数据还为以下方面提供了历史依据：（a）评估一年级新入学运动员的身体状况，（b）确定运动员在整个训练计划中的身体发育情况，以及（c）记录大学橄榄球运动员随时间发生的形态变化，这些变化可能会增加运动员的健康风险。
