Trexler Eric T, Smith-Ryan Abbie E, Mann J Bryan, Ivey Pat A, Hirsch Katie R, Mock Meredith G
1Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; 2Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Departments of 3Athletics; 4Physical Therapy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; and 5Office of the Chancellor, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.
J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Jan;31(1):1-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001486.
Trexler, ET, Smith-Ryan, AE, Mann, JB, Ivey, PA, Hirsch, KR, and Mock, MG. Longitudinal body composition changes in NCAA Division I college football players. J Strength Cond Res 31(1): 1-8, 2017-Many athletes seek to optimize body composition to fit the physical demands of their sport. American football requires a unique combination of size, speed, and power. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate longitudinal changes in body composition in Division I collegiate football players. For 57 players (mean ± SD, age = 19.5 ± 0.9 years, height = 186.9 ± 5.7 cm, weight = 107.7 ± 19.1 kg), body composition was assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in the off-season (March-Pre), end of off-season (May), mid-July (Pre-Season), and the following March (March-Post). Outcome variables included weight, body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass, lean mass (LM), android and gynoid (GYN) fat, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD). For a subset of athletes (n = 13 out of 57), changes over a 4-year playing career were evaluated with measurements taken every March. Throughout a single year, favorable changes were observed for BF% (Δ = -1.3 ± 2.5%), LM (Δ = 2.8 ± 2.8 kg), GYN (Δ = -1.5 ± 3.0%), BMC (Δ = 0.06 ± 0.14 kg), and BMD (Δ = 0.015 ± 0.027 g·cm, all p ≤ 0.05). Across 4 years, weight increased significantly (Δ = 6.6 ± 4.1 kg) and favorable changes were observed for LM (Δ = 4.3 ± 3.0 kg), BMC (Δ = 0.18 ± 0.17 kg), and BMD (Δ = 0.033 ± 0.039 g·cm, all p ≤ 0.05). Similar patterns in body composition changes were observed for linemen and non-linemen. Results indicate that well-trained collegiate football players at high levels of competition can achieve favorable changes in body composition, even late in the career, which may confer benefits for performance and injury prevention.
特雷克斯勒、E.T.、史密斯 - 瑞安、A.E.、曼、J.B.、艾维、P.A.、赫希、K.R.以及莫克、M.G.。美国大学体育协会第一分区大学橄榄球运动员身体成分的纵向变化。《力量与体能研究杂志》31(1): 1 - 8，2017年——许多运动员试图优化身体成分以适应其运动项目的身体需求。美式橄榄球需要体型、速度和力量的独特结合。本研究的目的是评估第一分区大学橄榄球运动员身体成分的纵向变化。对于57名运动员（平均±标准差，年龄 = 19.5 ± 0.9岁，身高 = 186.9 ± 5.7厘米，体重 = 107.7 ± 19.1千克），在休赛期（3月 - 赛前）、休赛期末（5月）、7月中旬（季前赛）以及次年3月（3月 - 赛后）通过双能X线吸收法评估身体成分。结果变量包括体重、体脂百分比（BF%）、脂肪量、去脂体重（LM）、腹部和臀部（GYN）脂肪、骨矿物质含量（BMC）以及骨矿物质密度（BMD）。对于一部分运动员（57名中的13名），通过每年3月进行的测量评估其4年职业生涯中的变化。在一整年中，观察到BF%（Δ = -1.3 ± 2.5%）、LM（Δ = 2.8 ± 2.8千克）、GYN（Δ = -1.5 ± 3.0%）、BMC（Δ = 0.06 ± 0.14千克）和BMD（Δ = 0.015 ± 0.027克·厘米，所有p≤0.05）有有利变化。在4年期间，体重显著增加（Δ = 6.6 ± 4.1千克），并且观察到LM（Δ = 4.3 ± 3.0千克）、BMC（Δ = 0.18 ± 0.17千克）和BMD（Δ = 0.033 ± 0.039克·厘米，所有p≤0.05）有有利变化。前锋和非前锋在身体成分变化方面观察到类似模式。结果表明，训练有素、处于高水平比赛的大学橄榄球运动员即使在职业生涯后期也能在身体成分方面实现有利变化，这可能对表现和预防受伤有益。
