Beran Michael J, Harris Emily H, Evans Theodore A, Klein Emily D, Chan Betty, Flemming Timothy M, Washburn David A
Language Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30302, USA.
J Comp Psychol. 2008 Feb;122(1):52-61. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.122.1.52.
Ordinal learning was investigated in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) and rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). In Experiment 1, both species were presented with pairings of the Arabic numerals 0 to 9. Some monkeys were given food rewards equal to the value of the numeral selected and some were rewarded with a single pellet only for choosing the higher numeral within the pair. Both species learned to select the larger numeral, but only rhesus monkeys that were differentially rewarded performed above chance levels when presented with novel probe pairings. In Experiment 2, the monkeys were first presented with arrays of 5 familiar numerals (from the range 0 to 9) and then arrays of 5 novel letters (from the range A to J) with the same reward outcomes in place as in Experiment 1. Both species performed better with the numerals, suggesting that an ordinal sequence of all stimuli had been learned during Experiment 1, rather than a matrix of two-choice discriminations.
对卷尾猴（僧帽猴属）和恒河猴（猕猴属）的顺序学习进行了研究。在实验1中，给这两个物种呈现阿拉伯数字0到9的配对。一些猴子会得到与所选数字值相等的食物奖励，而一些猴子只有在选择配对中较大的数字时才会得到一颗小丸奖励。两个物种都学会了选择较大的数字，但只有在实验1中接受差异奖励的恒河猴在面对新的探测配对时，其表现高于随机水平。在实验2中，先给猴子呈现5个熟悉数字（范围为0到9）的数组，然后呈现5个新字母（范围为A到J）的数组，奖励结果与实验1相同。两个物种在数字方面的表现都更好，这表明在实验1期间已经学习了所有刺激的顺序序列，而不是一个二选一辨别矩阵。
