Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
BMC Public Health. 2020 Aug 20;20(1):1265. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09351-8.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) caused by occupational-related factors continue to place huge burdens on global workforces. Significant numbers of workers report potential adverse health outcomes related to the condition, such as physical injury, disability, and decline in quality of life. Occupational-related MSD also poses additional burdens to healthcare services and diminishes productivity at work. The condition usually worsens in informal sectors where the work environments are often poorly designed. This paper explored occupational and physical environmental factors that induce work-related neck and/or shoulder pains among self-employed tailors in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia.
We conducted across-sectional survey from April to May 2019 on 422 tailors selected with systematic random sampling technique. Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to measure pains in neck and/or shoulder, and the questionnaire was pretested and administered by interviewers. Work-related factors such as working posture, rest break, training in safety and health, and the availability of adjustable chairs at workplaces were assessed. The significance of associations was set at a < 0.05 p-value and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% were used to determine strength of associations.
A total of 419 tailors participated with a response rate of 99.3%. The mean age and mean years of experience were 29.23 (SD ± 7.03) and 1.48 (SD ± 0.50) years, respectively. The study found that the prevalence of pain in either neck or shoulder or both sites in the last 12 months was 66.6% (N = 279) [95% CI (62.1, 71.1)]. Pains in shoulder and neck were observed in 72.1% (N = 302)[95% CI (67.8, 76.4)] and 68.3% (N = 286) [95% CI (64.0, 72.6)] of the interviewees, respectively. The majority, 78.1% (n = 218) of those with pains indicated they were prevented from doing normal daily activities. Work experience (AOR = 1.81), rest break (AOR = 2.13), awkward working posture (AOR = 2.60), prolonged sitting (AOR = 2.00) and inadequate light (AOR = 5.02) were significantly associated factors of neck and/ or shoulder pains.
Work-related neck and/or shoulder pain induced by physical factors of the work environment among self-employed tailors is pervasive in Ethiopia. Efforts to curb the condition, therefore, need to impalement diverse approaches addressing the physical environment and occupational factors. We also promote the integration of schemes for the effective use of rest breaks into health and safety programs in the workplace.
由职业相关因素引起的肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）继续给全球劳动力带来巨大负担。大量工人报告与该疾病相关的潜在不良健康后果，如身体损伤、残疾和生活质量下降。职业相关的 MSD 也给医疗保健服务带来了额外的负担，并降低了工作场所的生产力。这种情况在工作环境通常设计不佳的非正规部门往往会恶化。本文探讨了职业和物理环境因素，这些因素会导致埃塞俄比亚贡德尔市自雇裁缝出现与工作相关的颈部和/或肩部疼痛。
我们于 2019 年 4 月至 5 月间采用系统随机抽样技术对 422 名裁缝进行了横断面调查。北欧肌肉骨骼问卷用于测量颈部和/或肩部疼痛，问卷由访谈员进行预测试和管理。评估了与工作相关的因素，如工作姿势、休息时间、安全和健康培训以及工作场所是否有可调节的椅子。关联的显著性设定为 <0.05 p 值，使用具有 95%置信区间（CI）的调整优势比（AOR）来确定关联的强度。
共有 419 名裁缝参加了调查，应答率为 99.3%。平均年龄和平均工作年限分别为 29.23（SD±7.03）和 1.48（SD±0.50）年。研究发现，在过去 12 个月中，颈部或肩部或两者均有疼痛的患病率为 66.6%（N=279）[95%CI（62.1, 71.1)]。肩部和颈部疼痛分别在 72.1%（N=302）[95%CI（67.8, 76.4）]和 68.3%（N=286）[95%CI（64.0, 72.6）]的受访者中观察到。大多数（78.1%，n=218）有疼痛的人表示，他们无法进行正常的日常活动。工作经验（AOR=1.81）、休息时间（AOR=2.13）、姿势别扭（AOR=2.60）、久坐（AOR=2.00）和光照不足（AOR=5.02）是颈部和/或肩部疼痛的显著相关因素。
埃塞俄比亚自雇裁缝在工作环境的物理因素引起的与工作相关的颈部和/或肩部疼痛普遍存在。因此，遏制这种情况需要采取多种方法来解决物理环境和职业因素。我们还提倡将有效利用休息时间的方案纳入工作场所的健康和安全计划。
