Patarroyo M
Department of Immunology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1991 Sep;60(3):333-48. doi: 10.1016/0090-1229(91)90091-n.
During their life span, leukocytes adhere transiently to one another, to other cell types, such as vascular endothelial cells, and to extracellular matrix proteins. This adhesiveness is mediated by families of specific cell surface adhesion molecules, namely, integrins, immunoglobulin superfamily molecules, and selectins. Adhesion is required for leukocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and induction of lymphocyte proliferation and maturation. It also participates in recirculation and homing of lymphocytes into lymphoid organs and in leukocyte migration from the vascular compartment to extravascular tissues. Adhesion underlies the beneficial or detrimental role of leukocytes in immune and inflammatory responses. In animals, blocking monoclonal antibodies to adhesion molecules dramatically reduce vascular and tissue injury in several organs following ischemia-reperfusion, and delay renal allograft rejection. Moreover, expression of particular adhesion molecules is induced or increased in cells which are targets for allergic or autoimmune reactions and in inflamed tissues. On the other hand, a congenital deficiency of the CD11/CD18 integrins (Leu-CAMs) leads to recurrent, and sometimes fatal, bacterial infections, and lack of particular cell-adhesion molecules on Burkitt's lymphoma cells may enable these cells to escape immunosurveillance.
在其生命周期中，白细胞会短暂地相互黏附，也会与其他细胞类型（如血管内皮细胞）以及细胞外基质蛋白黏附。这种黏附性由特定细胞表面黏附分子家族介导，即整合素、免疫球蛋白超家族分子和选择素。黏附对于白细胞介导的细胞毒性、吞噬作用、趋化作用以及淋巴细胞增殖和成熟的诱导是必需的。它还参与淋巴细胞在淋巴器官中的再循环和归巢，以及白细胞从血管腔向血管外组织的迁移。黏附是白细胞在免疫和炎症反应中发挥有益或有害作用的基础。在动物中，针对黏附分子的阻断性单克隆抗体可显著减轻缺血再灌注后多个器官的血管和组织损伤，并延缓肾移植排斥反应。此外，在过敏或自身免疫反应的靶细胞以及炎症组织中，特定黏附分子的表达会被诱导或增加。另一方面，CD11/CD18整合素（白细胞共同抗原）的先天性缺陷会导致反复出现，有时甚至是致命的细菌感染，而伯基特淋巴瘤细胞上缺乏特定的细胞黏附分子可能使这些细胞逃避免疫监视。
