Serena A, Jørgensen H, Bach Knudsen K E
Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Nutrition, University of Aarhus,Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
J Anim Sci. 2008 Sep;86(9):2208-16. doi: 10.2527/jas.2006-060. Epub 2008 Feb 29.
Three experimental diets were used to investigate the digestion of carbohydrates and utilization of energy in sows fed diets with different levels and physicochemical properties of dietary fiber (DF). The low-fiber diet (LF; DF, 16%; soluble DF, 4.8%) was based on wheat and barley. The high-fiber 1 diet (HF1; DF, 41%; soluble DF, 11%) was based on wheat and barley supplemented with the coproducts: sugar beet pulp, potato pulp, and pectin residue, and the high-fiber 2 diet (HF2; DF, 44%; soluble DF, 7.3%) was based on wheat and barley supplemented with approximately 1/3 of the coproducts used in diet HF1 and 2/3 of brewers spent grain, seed residue, and pea hull (1:1:1, respectively). The diets were studied in 2 series of experiments. In Exp. 1, the digestibility and ileal and fecal flow of nutrients were studied in 6 ileal-cannulated sows placed in metabolic cages designed as a repeated 3 x 3 Latin square design. In Exp. 2, energy metabolism was measured in respiration chambers using 6 sows in a repeated 3 x 3 Latin square design. The DF level influenced the ileal flow of most nutrients, in particular carbohydrates, which increased from 190 g/d when feeding the LF diet to 538 to 539 g/d when feeding the HF diets; this was also reflected in the digestibility of OM and carbohydrates (P < 0.05). The ranking of total excretion of fecal materials was HF2 > > HF1 > LF, which also was reflected in the digestibility of OM, protein, and carbohydrates. Feeding HF diets resulted in greater CH(4) production, which was related to the amount of carbohydrates (r = 0.79) and OM (r = 0.72) fermented in the large intestine, but with no difference in heat production (12.2 to 13.1 MJ/kg of DM). Retained energy (MJ/kg of DM) was decreased when feeding HF1 compared with LF and negative when feeding HF2. Feeding sows HF1 reduced the activity of animals (5.1 h/24 h) compared with LF (6.1 h/24 h; P = 0.045).
采用三种试验日粮来研究饲喂不同水平和理化特性膳食纤维（DF）日粮的母猪对碳水化合物的消化及能量利用情况。低纤维日粮（LF；DF含量16%；可溶性DF含量4.8%）以小麦和大麦为基础。高纤维1日粮（HF1；DF含量41%；可溶性DF含量11%）以小麦和大麦为基础，并添加副产品：甜菜粕、马铃薯粕和果胶残渣；高纤维2日粮（HF2；DF含量44%；可溶性DF含量7.3%）以小麦和大麦为基础，添加约1/3 HF1日粮中使用的副产品以及2/3的啤酒糟、种子残渣和豌豆壳（比例分别为1:1:1）。这些日粮在2个系列试验中进行研究。在试验1中，对6头回肠造瘘母猪进行研究，这些母猪被安置在代谢笼中，采用重复3×3拉丁方设计来测定养分的消化率以及回肠和粪便中养分的流量。在试验2中，采用重复3×3拉丁方设计，利用6头母猪在呼吸室中测定能量代谢。DF水平影响大多数养分的回肠流量，尤其是碳水化合物，从饲喂LF日粮时的190克/天增加到饲喂HF日粮时的538至539克/天；这也反映在有机物质（OM）和碳水化合物的消化率上（P<0.05）。粪便总排泄量的排序为HF2>>HF1>LF，这也反映在OM、蛋白质和碳水化合物的消化率上。饲喂HF日粮导致甲烷产量更高，这与大肠中发酵的碳水化合物量（r = 0.79）和OM量（r = 0.72）有关，但产热量没有差异（12.2至13.1兆焦/千克干物质）。与LF相比，饲喂HF1时留存能量（兆焦/千克干物质）降低，饲喂HF2时留存能量为负值。与LF（6.1小时/24小时；P = 0.045）相比，饲喂HF1的母猪活动量减少（5.1小时/24小时）。
