Douglas Linda C, Sanders Mary E
Lone Tree, CO, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2008 Mar;108(3):510-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2007.12.009.
Probiotics and prebiotics share a unique role in human nutrition, largely centering on manipulation of populations or activities of the bacteria that colonize our bodies. Benefits of regular consumption of probiotics or prebiotics include enhanced immune function, improved colonic integrity, decreased incidence and duration of intestinal infections, down-regulated allergic response, and improved digestion and elimination. Research has shown that probiotics and prebiotics may be useful in achieving these and other positive effects, provided that proper strain, product selection, and dosing guidelines of commercial products are followed. There is a need to consolidate the basic and applied research on probiotics and prebiotics into useful tools for food and nutrition professionals. Information on probiotic species, applications for specific strains, dosages and forms, safety, and shelf life is not sufficiently summarized to allow practical and consistent recommendations to be made by most food and nutrition professionals. In addition, prebiotic fibers-although providing nutraceutical and nutritional value-are a group of diverse carbohydrate ingredients that are poorly understood in regard to their origin, fermentation profiles, and dosages required for health effects. The science and practice-based guidelines presented here will enhance clinician and client understanding of probiotics and prebiotics, with the aim of improving appropriate recommendation and informed use of these emerging dietary ingredients and the products containing them.
益生菌和益生元在人类营养方面发挥着独特作用，主要集中在对定植于人体的细菌种群或活性进行调控。经常食用益生菌或益生元的益处包括增强免疫功能、改善结肠完整性、降低肠道感染的发生率和持续时间、下调过敏反应以及改善消化和排泄。研究表明，只要遵循商业产品的合适菌株、产品选择和剂量指南，益生菌和益生元可能有助于实现这些及其他积极效果。有必要将益生菌和益生元的基础研究和应用研究整合为食品和营养专业人员可用的工具。关于益生菌种类、特定菌株的应用、剂量和形式、安全性以及保质期的信息尚未得到充分总结，以至于大多数食品和营养专业人员无法给出切实一致的建议。此外，益生元纤维虽然具有营养保健和营养价值，但作为一组多样的碳水化合物成分，人们对其来源、发酵特性以及产生健康效果所需的剂量了解甚少。此处提出的基于科学和实践的指南将增进临床医生和客户对益生菌和益生元的理解，旨在改善对这些新兴膳食成分及其所含产品的合理推荐和明智使用。
