Pinto G, Park Y-S, Neves L, Araújo C, Santos C
Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytomics, CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
Plant Cell Rep. 2008 Jun;27(6):1093-101. doi: 10.1007/s00299-008-0532-y. Epub 2008 Mar 4.
A reproducible protocol for somatic embryogenesis (SE) induction in Eucalyptus globulus from mature zygotic embryos is available since 2002. However, for the use of SE in tree breeding programs, the frequency of SE initiation needs to be improved and controlled, and this was investigated in 13 open-pollinated (OP) families over three consecutive years. A diallel mating design with five parent trees was used to study genetic control of SE induction. Results showed that SE induction varies across E. globulus families and over the years of seed production tested. Somatic embryogenesis was initiated on explants from 84% of the OP families tested in 2002 and 100% of the families tested in 2003 and 2004. The year 2003 gave best results for percentage of induction and total number of somatic embryos produced. Results concerning genetic control showed that SE induction is under the control of additive genetic effects, as 22.0% of variation in SE initiation was due to general combining ability (GCA) effect, whereas 6.4% was due to maternal effects. Neither specific combining ability (SCA) nor reciprocal effects were significant.
自2002年以来，已有一套可重复的从成熟合子胚诱导蓝桉体细胞胚胎发生（SE）的方案。然而，为了在树木育种计划中应用体细胞胚胎发生技术，需要提高并控制体细胞胚胎发生起始的频率，为此在连续三年对13个自由授粉（OP）家系进行了研究。采用包含五株亲本树的双列杂交设计来研究体细胞胚胎发生诱导的遗传控制。结果表明，体细胞胚胎发生诱导在不同蓝桉家系以及所测试的不同年份的种子生产中存在差异。2002年测试的OP家系中有84%的外植体起始了体细胞胚胎发生，2003年和2004年测试的家系则为100%。2003年在诱导率和产生的体细胞胚胎总数方面取得了最佳结果。关于遗传控制的结果表明，体细胞胚胎发生诱导受加性遗传效应控制，因为体细胞胚胎发生起始中22.0%的变异归因于一般配合力（GCA）效应，而6.4%归因于母体效应。特殊配合力（SCA）和正反交效应均不显著。
