Neufeld Thomas P, Baehrecke Eric H
University of Minnesota, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
Autophagy. 2008 Jul;4(5):557-62. doi: 10.4161/auto.5782. Epub 2008 Feb 23.
Significant progress has been made over recent years in defining the normal progression and regulation of autophagy, particularly in cultured mammalian cells and yeast model systems. However, apart from a few notable exceptions, our understanding of the physiological roles of autophagy has lagged behind these advances, and identification of components and features of autophagy unique to higher eukaryotes also remains a challenge. In this review we describe recent insights into the roles and control mechanisms of autophagy gained from in vivo studies in Drosophila. We focus on potential roles of autophagy in controlling cell growth and death, and describe how the regulation of autophagy has evolved to include metazoan-specific signaling pathways. We discuss genetic screening approaches that are being used to identify novel regulators and effectors of autophagy, and speculate about areas of research in this system likely to bear fruit in future studies.
近年来，在明确自噬的正常进程及其调控方面取得了重大进展，特别是在培养的哺乳动物细胞和酵母模型系统中。然而，除了少数显著的例外情况，我们对自噬生理作用的理解落后于这些进展，而且鉴定高等真核生物特有的自噬成分和特征仍然是一项挑战。在这篇综述中，我们描述了从果蝇体内研究中获得的关于自噬作用和控制机制的最新见解。我们重点关注自噬在控制细胞生长和死亡中的潜在作用，并描述自噬的调控如何进化以纳入后生动物特有的信号通路。我们讨论了用于鉴定自噬新调节因子和效应器的遗传筛选方法，并推测该系统中可能在未来研究中取得成果的研究领域。
