Geagea Majdi Lahd, Stille Peter, Gauthier-Lafaye François, Millet Maurice
EOST: Centre de Géochimie de la Surface, CNRS-UMR 7517, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
Environ Sci Technol. 2008 Feb 1;42(3):692-8. doi: 10.1021/es071704c.
A comprehensive Pb-Sr-Nd isotope tracer study of atmospheric trace metal pollution has been performed in the urban environment of Strasbourg-Kehl. Filter dust of the principal pollutant sources (waste incinerators, thermal power plant and steel plant) and soot of car and ship exhausts have been analyzed. In addition tree barks (as biomonitors) and PM10 have been analyzed to trace and determine the distribution of the pollution in the environment. The industrial sources have highly variable epsilonNd values (-9.7 and -12.5 for incinerators and -17.5 for steel plant). Much higher epsilonNd values have been found for soot of car exhausts (-6 and -6.9). These high values make the Nd isotope system a powerful tool for the discrimination of traffic emissions but especially for the identification of diesel derived particles in the urban environment. The 206Pb/207Pb isotope ratios of gasoline are low (1.089) compared to diesel soot (1.159). The 26Pb/207Pb ratios of 1.151-1.152 for the steel plant and 1.152 for the solid waste incinerator are close to the Pb isotope ratio of diesel. The 87Sr/ 8Sr isotope ratios of the principal industrial sources vary significantly: 0.7095 for the domestic solid waste incinerator, 0.709 for the steel plant, and 0.7087 for car exhaust soot. PM10 aerosols collected in the urban center of Strasbourg show the influence of the pollutant sources at 3-7 km distance from the center. Most of the aerosols Pb isotopic compositions suggest Pb admixtures from at least three sources: a natural background and in function of the wind direction the domestic waste incinerator (S-wind) or the steel plant and the chemical waste incinerator (NE-wind). The traffic contribution can only be estimated with help of Nd isotopes. Therefore the clear identification of different pollutant sources in the urban environment is only possible by combining the three different isotope systems and is based on the fact that significant differences exist between the Pb, Sr, and Nd isotope ratios of the natural atmospheric background and pollutants containing Pb, Sr, and Nd of industrial origin with similar variable 206Pb/207Pb, 87Sr/ 86Sr, and 143Nd/144Nd.
在斯特拉斯堡 - 凯尔的城市环境中，开展了一项关于大气痕量金属污染的全面铅 - 锶 - 钕同位素示踪研究。对主要污染源（垃圾焚烧炉、火力发电厂和钢铁厂）的滤尘以及汽车和船舶尾气的烟灰进行了分析。此外，还分析了树皮（作为生物监测器）和PM10，以追踪和确定环境中污染的分布情况。工业源的εNd值变化很大（垃圾焚烧炉为 -9.7和 -12.5，钢铁厂为 -17.5）。汽车尾气烟灰的εNd值要高得多（-6和 -6.9）。这些高值使得钕同位素体系成为区分交通排放物的有力工具，尤其是在城市环境中识别柴油衍生颗粒的有力工具。与柴油烟灰（1.159）相比，汽油的206Pb/207Pb同位素比值较低（1.089）。钢铁厂的206Pb/207Pb比值为1.151 - 1.152，固体废物焚烧炉的为1.152，接近柴油的铅同位素比值。主要工业源的87Sr/86Sr同位素比值差异显著：生活垃圾焚烧炉为0.7095，钢铁厂为0.709，汽车尾气烟灰为0.7087。在斯特拉斯堡市中心收集的PM10气溶胶显示了距离市中心3 - 7公里处污染源的影响。大多数气溶胶的铅同位素组成表明铅至少来自三个来源：自然背景以及根据风向来自生活垃圾焚烧炉（南风）或钢铁厂和化学垃圾焚烧炉（东北风）。交通贡献只能借助钕同位素来估算。因此，只有通过结合三种不同的同位素体系，基于自然大气背景与含有铅、锶和钕的工业来源污染物在206Pb/207Pb、87Sr/86Sr和143Nd/144Nd方面存在显著差异这一事实，才能明确识别城市环境中的不同污染源。
