School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China.
Air Pollution Complex of Key Laboratory of Dongguan, Dongguan, 523000, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 May;26(13):13664-13675. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05001-8. Epub 2019 Apr 9.
To analyze the relationship between nanoparticles and the chemical forms in an urban atmospheric environment, metallic particles with different diameters were collected using a nanoparticle sampling system and analyzed for chemical and morphological characteristics, bioactivity, and the risk of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects. The source of the atmospheric particles was analyzed based on the enrichment factor method, and the carcinogenicity of the atmospheric particles was analyzed using the health risk model. The partition contents of metals extractable by a weak acid, including As, Ca, Cd, Cs, Pb, Sr, and Zn, were in a range of 32.17-71.4%, with an average value of 47.07%. The content of oxides and reducible metals of all of the elements was generally low. Potassium was distributed mainly in the residual and weak-acid-extractable fractions. Barium had a high proportion of the oxidation state. Each fraction of Zn was basically the same, while the content of the weak-acid-extractable fraction was slightly higher. We found bio-access potential to be positively correlated with a high proportion of the weak acid extracts such as Mg, Sr, and Zn. We also found there to be a large weak-acid-extractable fraction (F1) and residual fraction (F4) and relatively enriched elements and strongly enriched elements, which means F1 and F4 may be the cause of enrichment. The hazard index (HI) and the total cancer risk (TCR) were far beyond the safety threshold when the diameter of the particle was in the range of 0.1-0.5 μm, indicating that the residents in Dongguan city were experiencing obvious non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks.
为了分析纳米颗粒与城市大气环境中化学形态之间的关系，使用纳米颗粒采样系统收集了不同直径的金属颗粒，并对其化学和形态特征、生物活性以及致癌和非致癌效应的风险进行了分析。根据富集因子法分析大气颗粒的来源，并采用健康风险模型分析大气颗粒的致癌性。采用弱酸可提取态的方法分析金属的分配含量，包括砷、钙、镉、铯、铅、锶和锌，其范围在 32.17%至 71.4%之间，平均值为 47.07%。所有元素的氧化物和可还原金属的含量通常较低。钾主要分布在残余态和弱酸可提取态中。钡的氧化态比例较高。锌的各形态基本相同，而弱酸可提取态的含量略高。我们发现生物可利用性与镁、锶和锌等弱酸提取物的高比例呈正相关。我们还发现存在大量的弱酸可提取态（F1）和残余态（F4）以及相对富集元素和强烈富集元素，这意味着 F1 和 F4 可能是富集的原因。当粒径在 0.1-0.5μm 范围内时，危害指数（HI）和总癌症风险（TCR）远远超过安全阈值，这表明东莞市居民正在经历明显的非致癌和致癌风险。
