Kegler Michelle Crozier, Escoffery Cam, Butler Susan
Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2008 Mar;10(3):493-7. doi: 10.1080/14622200801901963.
With continued expansion of clean indoor air legislation, private spaces such as homes and cars are gaining increased attention as significant sources of secondhand smoke (SHS). This study examines the establishment and enforcement of smoking rules in family cars. Qualitative interviews (N = 136) were conducted with Black and White families in rural Georgia. Participating families had a young adolescent in the home and included households with all nonsmokers, a mix of smokers and nonsmokers, and all smokers. Common car smoking rules included no smoking allowed at any time, smoking allowed if a window is cracked, and no smoking allowed if children or nonsmokers are in the car. Major reasons for rules included protecting children and nonsmokers from SHS, aversion to the smell, and the stifling nature of SHS in cars. Damage to the vehicle from ashes and burns was another reason for smoking rules, particularly among families with smokers. Many families had never discussed car smoking rules. Families with car smoking rules were generally able to enforce them without difficulty, although smokers responded with a range of reactions from acceptance to anger. Families would consider a total ban if the smoker in their family quit or, for a few, if they purchased a new car. These findings have implications for designing intervention strategies to promote smoke-free cars and help family members to negotiate and enforce car smoking rules.
随着室内清洁空气法规的不断扩展，家庭和汽车等私人空间作为二手烟的重要来源正日益受到关注。本研究考察了家庭汽车中吸烟规则的制定与执行情况。对佐治亚州农村地区的黑人和白人家庭进行了定性访谈（N = 136）。参与访谈的家庭家中有一名青少年，包括全是非吸烟者的家庭、吸烟者与非吸烟者混合的家庭以及全是吸烟者的家庭。常见的汽车吸烟规则包括任何时候都禁止吸烟、如果车窗打开则允许吸烟、如果车内有儿童或非吸烟者则禁止吸烟。制定规则的主要原因包括保护儿童和非吸烟者免受二手烟危害、厌恶烟味以及车内二手烟的憋闷感。烟灰和烫伤对车辆造成的损坏是制定吸烟规则的另一个原因，尤其是在有吸烟者的家庭中。许多家庭从未讨论过汽车吸烟规则。有汽车吸烟规则的家庭通常能够毫无困难地执行这些规则，不过吸烟者的反应各异，从接受规则到愤怒。如果家庭中的吸烟者戒烟，或者少数家庭购买新车，他们会考虑全面禁烟。这些研究结果对于设计干预策略以促进汽车无烟化以及帮助家庭成员协商和执行汽车吸烟规则具有启示意义。
