Zentall Thomas R, Singer Rebecca A, Miller Holly C
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, United States.
Behav Processes. 2008 Jun;78(2):185-90. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2008.01.015. Epub 2008 Feb 1.
It has been proposed that comparison choice in matching-to-sample should depend on two factors, the relative probability of reinforcement associated with each of the comparison stimuli and the conditional probability of each comparison stimulus being correct given presentation of one of the samples. DiGian and Zentall [DiGian, K.A., Zentall, T.R., 2007. Matching-to-sample in pigeons: in the absence of sample memory, sample frequency is a better predictor of comparison choice than the probability of reinforcement for comparison choice. Learn Behav. 35, 242-261] have shown that sample frequency together with the probability of choosing each of the comparison stimuli in training can influence comparison choice when delays are introduced, when the number of reinforcements associated with each of the comparison stimuli is equated. Furthermore, Zentall and Clement [Zentall, T.R., Clement, T.S., 2002. Memory mechanisms in pigeons: Evidence of base-rate neglect. J. Exp. Psych.: Anim. Behav. Proc. 28, 111-115] have found that sample frequency can affect comparison choice when delays are introduced independently of the number of choices of each of the comparison stimuli in training and the number of reinforcements associated with each of the comparison stimuli is equated. In the present experiment we found that the probability of choosing each of the comparison stimuli in training can affect comparison choice when delays are introduced, independently of sample frequency and when the number of reinforcements associated with each of the comparison stimuli is equated. Together, these experiments suggest that when the sample is not available, there is a partial dissociation between comparison choice and the probability of reinforcement associated with each of the comparison stimuli.
有人提出，在样本匹配中的比较选择应取决于两个因素，即与每个比较刺激相关的强化相对概率，以及在呈现其中一个样本的情况下每个比较刺激正确的条件概率。迪吉安和曾塔尔[迪吉安，K.A.，曾塔尔，T.R.，2007年。鸽子的样本匹配：在没有样本记忆的情况下，样本频率比比较选择的强化概率更能预测比较选择。学习行为。35，242 - 261]已经表明，当引入延迟时，样本频率以及训练中选择每个比较刺激的概率，在与每个比较刺激相关的强化次数相等的情况下，可以影响比较选择。此外，曾塔尔和克莱门特[曾塔尔，T.R.，克莱门特，T.S.，2002年。鸽子的记忆机制：基础比率忽视的证据。实验心理学杂志：动物行为过程。28，111 - 115]发现，当引入延迟时，样本频率可以影响比较选择，而与训练中每个比较刺激的选择次数以及与每个比较刺激相关的强化次数无关。在本实验中，我们发现训练中选择每个比较刺激的概率，在引入延迟时，可以影响比较选择，与样本频率无关，且与每个比较刺激相关的强化次数相等。总之，这些实验表明，当样本不可用时，比较选择与每个比较刺激相关的强化概率之间存在部分分离。
