White K G, Wixted J T
Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
J Exp Anal Behav. 1999 Jan;71(1):91-113. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1999.71-91.
We present a new model of remembering in the context of conditional discrimination. For procedures such as delayed matching to sample, the effect of the sample stimuli at the time of remembering is represented by a pair of Thurstonian (normal) distributions of effective stimulus values. The critical assumption of the model is that, based on prior experience, each effective stimulus value is associated with a ratio of reinforcers obtained for previous correct choices of the comparison stimuli. That ratio determines the choice that is made on the basis of the matching law. The standard deviations of the distributions are assumed to increase with increasing retention-interval duration, and the distance between their means is assumed to be a function of other factors that influence overall difficulty of the discrimination. It is a behavioral model in that choice is determined by its reinforcement history. The model predicts that the biasing effects of the reinforcer differential increase with decreasing discriminability and with increasing retention-interval duration. Data from several conditions using a delayed matching-to-sample procedure with pigeons support the predictions.
我们提出了一种在条件性辨别情境下的记忆新模型。对于诸如延迟匹配样本等程序，记忆时样本刺激的效应由一对有效刺激值的瑟斯顿（正态）分布来表示。该模型的关键假设是，基于先前经验，每个有效刺激值都与先前正确选择比较刺激时获得的强化物比例相关联。该比例决定了根据匹配法则做出的选择。假设分布的标准差随着保持间隔时间的增加而增大，并且它们均值之间的距离被假定为影响辨别总体难度的其他因素的函数。这是一个行为模型，因为选择是由其强化历史决定的。该模型预测，强化物差异的偏差效应会随着辨别力的降低和保持间隔时间的增加而增强。使用鸽子进行延迟匹配样本程序的几种条件下的数据支持了这些预测。
