Arria Amelia M, Kuhn Vanessa, Caldeira Kimberly M, O'Grady Kevin E, Vincent Kathryn B, Wish Eric D
Center for Substance Abuse Research (CESAR), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2008 Mar 7;3:6. doi: 10.1186/1747-597X-3-6.
College drinking is a significant public health problem. Although parental monitoring and supervision reduces the risk for alcohol consumption among younger adolescents, few studies have investigated the impact of earlier parental monitoring on later college drinking. This study examined whether parental monitoring indirectly exerts a protective effect on college drinking by reducing high school alcohol consumption.
A longitudinal cohort of 1,253 male and female students, ages 17 to 19, attending a large, public, mid-Atlantic university was studied at two time points. First, data on high school parental monitoring and alcohol consumption were gathered via questionnaire during the summer prior to college entry. Second, during the first year of college, past-year alcohol consumption was measured via a personal interview. Multiple regression models tested the relationship between parental monitoring and past year alcohol use (i.e., number of drinks per drinking day).
Holding constant demographics, SAT score, and religiosity, parental monitoring had a significant protective effect on both high school and college drinking level. However, the association between parental monitoring and college drinking level became non-significant once high school drinking level was held constant.
While parental monitoring did not directly influence college alcohol consumption, evidence for mediation was observed, whereby parental monitoring had an indirect influence on college drinking through reductions in high school drinking. Initiatives that promote effective parenting might be an important strategy to curb high-risk drinking among older adolescents. More research is needed to understand the nature and degree of parent-child communication that is necessary to extend the protective influence of parents into the college years.
大学生饮酒是一个重大的公共卫生问题。尽管父母的监督能降低青少年饮酒的风险，但很少有研究调查早期父母监督对后期大学生饮酒的影响。本研究旨在探讨父母监督是否通过减少高中阶段的饮酒量，间接地对大学生饮酒起到保护作用。
对1253名年龄在17至19岁之间、就读于大西洋中部一所大型公立大学的男女学生进行了纵向队列研究，研究分两个时间点进行。首先，在大学入学前的夏天，通过问卷调查收集有关高中阶段父母监督和饮酒情况的数据。其次，在大学一年级时，通过个人访谈测量过去一年的饮酒量。多元回归模型检验了父母监督与过去一年饮酒量（即每次饮酒日的饮酒次数）之间的关系。
在控制人口统计学特征、SAT分数和宗教信仰后，父母监督对高中和大学饮酒水平均有显著的保护作用。然而，一旦高中饮酒水平保持不变，父母监督与大学饮酒水平之间的关联就变得不显著了。
虽然父母监督并没有直接影响大学生饮酒，但存在中介效应的证据，即父母监督通过减少高中饮酒量，对大学饮酒产生间接影响。推广有效育儿方式的举措可能是遏制大龄青少年高风险饮酒的重要策略。需要更多的研究来了解亲子沟通的性质和程度，这对于将父母的保护影响延伸到大学阶段是必要的。
