Bongard Stephan, Olson Leif, Nakajima Motohiro, al'Absi Mustafa
a Department of Psychology , Goethe-University , Frankfurt am Main , Germany.
b University of Minnesota Medical School , Duluth , Minnesota , USA.
Subst Use Misuse. 2016 Nov 9;51(13):1810-4. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1197259. Epub 2016 Aug 11.
Risk for smoking relapse may be associated with context-dependent social and behavioral cues. However, lack of research examining the role of trait negative mood such as anger in this relationship and assessment of objective indices related to smoking status (e.g., biochemical measures) may limit existing findings. We examined the roles of trait anger, habitual anger expression behavior, and the situation in which the first incident of smoking lapse following a quit attempt occurs.
One-hundred and five smokers interested in cessation (mean age, SD: 34.7 ± 11.8) set a quit day and attended multiple post-quit assessments where they were asked to provide biochemical measures including exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and self-report measurements, including smoking status.
Eighty-eight participants (40 women) returned to smoking over the 12-month study period. Self-reported smoking status was verified by exhaled CO measurements. Thirty-one percent of participants who relapsed reported the first lapse occurring at home, 15% at work, 14% at a restaurant or a bar, and 8% in a car. Multinomial logistic regression models found that high levels of anger-out were associated with smoking relapse in situations other than work or home (p <.05).
These results expand prior work suggesting habitual anger expression style may moderate associations between situational factors and risk for smoking relapse, highlighting the need to incorporate findings in treatment methods. Absence of gender differences suggests the situational factors explored here affect relapse independent of gender.
吸烟复发风险可能与情境依赖的社会和行为线索有关。然而，缺乏研究考察特质性负面情绪（如愤怒）在此关系中的作用，以及对与吸烟状态相关的客观指标（如生化指标）的评估，可能会限制现有研究结果。我们研究了特质愤怒、习惯性愤怒表达行为，以及戒烟尝试后首次吸烟复吸事件发生的情境的作用。
105名有戒烟意愿的吸烟者（平均年龄，标准差：34.7±11.8）设定了戒烟日，并参加了多次戒烟后评估，在评估中他们被要求提供包括呼出一氧化碳（CO）在内的生化指标以及包括吸烟状态在内的自我报告指标。
在12个月的研究期间，88名参与者（40名女性）复吸。呼出CO测量验证了自我报告的吸烟状态。31%复吸的参与者报告首次复吸发生在家中，15%发生在工作场所，14%发生在餐馆或酒吧，8%发生在汽车里。多项逻辑回归模型发现，高程度的愤怒发泄与在工作场所或家以外的情境中的吸烟复发有关（p<.05）。
这些结果扩展了先前的研究工作，表明习惯性愤怒表达风格可能会调节情境因素与吸烟复发风险之间的关联，强调了将研究结果纳入治疗方法的必要性。不存在性别差异表明，这里探讨的情境因素独立于性别影响复吸。
