Mabunda Milliscent M, Swart Lu-Anne, Seedat Mohamed
University of South Africa, Institute for Social and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1087, Lenasia 1820, South Africa.
Accid Anal Prev. 2008 Mar;40(2):586-93. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2007.08.019. Epub 2007 Oct 1.
Road traffic injuries, a major global public health burden, are concentrated in low-income and middle-income countries.(1) In contrast to high-income countries, pedestrians make up the largest group of road traffic injuries and fatalities in low- and middle-income countries. This article presents an analysis of pedestrian fatalities (2001-2004) in four South African cities. The article describes the magnitude, demographic, and temporal factors associated with pedestrian fatalities and presents a typological analysis to identify particular groups of at risk pedestrians. The analysis can serve to inform the development of prevention programmes tailored to the needs of specific at risk pedestrian groups. Data were obtained from the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS). The results indicated that there were a total of 7433 pedestrian deaths (2001-2004) for the four cities and the majority occurred over weekends. Most (56.7%) were between ages 20 and 44 years. Overall, there were 3.3 male pedestrian deaths for every female pedestrian death, and over half (58%) of the 4004 cases tested were positive for alcohol. A typological analysis identified three categories of pedestrian fatalities: (1) male pedestrian fatalities that showed high levels of alcohol concentrations, (2) female and elderly pedestrian deaths that occurred between 6 AM and midday, and (3) children, adolescents, and young adult pedestrian fatalities that typically occurred during weekday afternoons and evenings. The findings call for multiple strategies for combating pedestrian fatalities.
道路交通事故是一项重大的全球公共卫生负担，主要集中在低收入和中等收入国家。(1)与高收入国家不同，在低收入和中等收入国家，行人是道路交通事故伤亡人数最多的群体。本文对南非四个城市的行人死亡情况（2001 - 2004年）进行了分析。文章描述了与行人死亡相关的规模、人口统计学和时间因素，并进行了类型学分析，以确定特定的高风险行人群体。该分析可为制定针对特定高风险行人群体需求的预防方案提供参考。数据来自国家伤害死亡率监测系统（NIMSS）。结果表明，这四个城市在2001 - 2004年期间共有7433名行人死亡，且大多数死亡发生在周末。大多数（56.7%）死者年龄在20至44岁之间。总体而言，男性行人死亡人数与女性行人死亡人数之比为3.3:1，在检测的4004例案例中，超过一半（58%）的死者酒精检测呈阳性。类型学分析确定了三类行人死亡情况：(1)酒精浓度高的男性行人死亡；(2)上午6点至中午之间发生的女性和老年行人死亡；(3)通常发生在工作日下午和晚上的儿童、青少年及年轻成人行人死亡。这些发现呼吁采取多种策略来减少行人死亡。
