Hatfield Julie, Fernandes Ralston, Faunce Gavin, Job R F Soames
NSW Injury Risk Management Research Centre, The University of NSW, Sydney 2052, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 2008 Mar;40(2):616-27. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2007.08.020. Epub 2007 Oct 4.
Speeding is a major contributor to road trauma and attitudes toward speeding are hypothesised to be a key determinant of the behaviour. Attitudinal research is limited by reliance on self-report measures and the attendant possibility of reporting biases. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) aims to measure attitudes without reliance on self-report, by assessing the association between a target-concept and an evaluation, in terms of reaction time for compatible versus non-compatible pairings. The present research aimed to develop and evaluate an IAT to measure attitudes to speeding. Forty-five licensed drivers completed the speed-related IAT, and drove a driving simulator. Participants also completed a questionnaire that assessed self-reported attitudes to speeding, and several variables theoretically related to attitudes, including speeding behaviour. Observed IAT results suggested that attitudes toward speeding are negative, and were generally consistent with results derived from the simulated driving and self-reported behaviours, beliefs, and attitudes. Thus, the speed-related IAT appears to be a valid measure of attitudes toward speeding, which might be used to measure attitudes in road safety research without reliance on self-report.
超速是导致道路交通事故的一个主要因素，人们对超速的态度被认为是这一行为的关键决定因素。态度研究因依赖自我报告测量方法以及随之而来的报告偏差可能性而受到限制。内隐联想测验（IAT）旨在通过评估目标概念与评价之间的关联（根据相容与不相容配对的反应时间）来测量态度，而不依赖自我报告。本研究旨在开发和评估一种用于测量对超速态度的IAT。45名有驾照的司机完成了与速度相关的IAT，并驾驶了驾驶模拟器。参与者还完成了一份问卷，该问卷评估了他们自我报告的对超速的态度，以及一些理论上与态度相关的变量，包括超速行为。观察到的IAT结果表明，对超速的态度是负面的，并且总体上与模拟驾驶以及自我报告的行为、信念和态度所得到的结果一致。因此，与速度相关的IAT似乎是一种测量对超速态度的有效方法，可用于道路安全研究中测量态度，而无需依赖自我报告。
