Constant Aymery, Salmi Louis Rachid, Lafont Sylviane, Chiron Mireille, Lagarde Emmanuel
Equipe Avenir Prévention et Prise en Charge des Traumatismes, INSERM Unité 897, Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux 2, Case 11, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
Am J Public Health. 2009 Jul;99(7):1247-53. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.126474. Epub 2008 Oct 15.
We investigated behavioral changes in a large cohort of drivers to identify underlying causes of the decline in road casualties in France.
In 2001 and 2004, 11,240 participants used self-administered questionnaires to report attitudes toward road safety and driving behaviors. Injury road traffic collisions were recorded from 2001 to 2005 through the cohort's annual questionnaire.
Between 2001 and 2004, speeding and cell phone use decreased concomitantly with a decrease in injury road traffic collision rates among participants. Reported driving while sleepy remained unchanged and driving while alcohol intoxicated was reported by a higher proportion in 2004 than in 2001. Decreases in speeding between 2001 and 2004 were strongly linked with positive attitudes toward road safety in 2001.
In this cohort, speeding and using a cell phone while driving decreased over the 2001 to 2004 period concomitantly with increases in traffic law enforcement and a dramatic decline in road mortality in France. However, the deterrent effect of traffic enforcement policies may have been reduced by negative attitudes toward traffic safety and having had a history of traffic penalty cancellations.
我们调查了一大群驾驶员的行为变化，以确定法国道路伤亡人数下降的潜在原因。
2001年和2004年，11240名参与者使用自行填写的问卷报告对道路安全的态度和驾驶行为。通过该队列的年度问卷记录了2001年至2005年期间的道路交通事故受伤情况。
2001年至2004年期间，参与者中超速驾驶和使用手机的行为减少，同时道路交通事故受伤率也有所下降。报告的困倦驾驶情况保持不变，2004年报告的醉酒驾驶比例高于2001年。2001年至2004年期间超速驾驶的减少与2001年对道路安全的积极态度密切相关。
在这个队列中，2001年至2004年期间，超速驾驶和开车时使用手机的行为减少，与此同时法国的交通执法力度加大，道路死亡率大幅下降。然而，对交通安全的消极态度以及有交通处罚取消记录可能削弱了交通执法政策的威慑作用。
