Donmez Birsen, Boyle Linda Ng, Lee John D
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Iowa, 3131 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
Accid Anal Prev. 2008 Mar;40(2):776-86. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2007.09.023. Epub 2007 Oct 11.
An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of retrospective and combined retrospective and concurrent feedback on driver performance and engagement in distracting activities.
A previous study conducted by the authors showed that concurrent (or real time) feedback can help drivers better modulate their distracting activities. However, research also shows that concurrent feedback can pose additional distractions due to the limited time and resources available during driving. Retrospective feedback, which is presented at the end of a trip (i.e., post-drive), can include additional information on safety critical situations during a trip and help the driver learn safe driving habits.
A driving simulator study was conducted with 48 participants and 3 conditions: retrospective feedback, combined feedback (both retrospective and concurrent), and no feedback (baseline case).
The feedback conditions (retrospective and combined) resulted in faster response to lead vehicle braking events as depicted by shorter accelerator release times. Moreover, combined feedback also resulted in longer glances to the road.
The results suggest that both feedback types have potential to improve immediate driving performance and driver engagement in distractions.
Combined feedback holds the most promise for mitigating the effects of distraction from in-vehicle information systems.
开展一项实验，以评估回顾性反馈以及回顾性与实时反馈相结合的方式对驾驶员表现及参与分心活动的影响。
作者之前进行的一项研究表明，实时（或即时）反馈可帮助驾驶员更好地调节其分心活动。然而，研究还表明，由于驾驶过程中可用的时间和资源有限，实时反馈可能会造成额外的干扰。在行程结束时（即驾驶后）提供的回顾性反馈可包含行程中有关安全关键情况的更多信息，并帮助驾驶员养成安全驾驶习惯。
对48名参与者进行了一项驾驶模拟器研究，设置了3种情况：回顾性反馈、组合反馈（回顾性与实时反馈相结合）和无反馈（基线情况）。
反馈情况（回顾性和组合性）使对前车制动事件的反应更快，表现为加速器松开时间更短。此外，组合反馈还使驾驶员看路的时间更长。
结果表明，两种反馈类型都有潜力改善即时驾驶表现以及驾驶员参与分心活动的情况。
组合反馈在减轻车内信息系统造成的分心影响方面最具前景。
