Midgley J M, Hill M P, Villet M H
Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
J Econ Entomol. 2008 Feb;101(1):99-106. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[99:btmbaa]2.0.co;2.
Chicory, Chicorium intybus L. (Compositae), is a major field crop in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Several pests feed on the leaves of the plant, resulting in reduced yield. The most important of these are the noctuid moths Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), Chrysodeixis acuta (Walker), and Trichoplusia orichalcea (F.). The use of attract-and-kill traps offers an alternative to broad-based insecticides in the control of these species. Three fields were treated with normal insecticides and three fields with yellow-baited traps. Eight additional traps were placed in each field, with half of the traps containing the insecticide 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (dichlorvos) and half without dichlorvos; and half yellow and half green. Total moth numbers and nonphytophage diversity were measured from these eight traps. Although no differences in H. armigera or T. orichalcea catches were observed between insecticide- and trap-treated fields, numbers of C. acuta and the total number of moths were significantly higher in insecticide-treated fields. Yellow traps containing dichlorvos contained more moths than yellow traps without dichlorvos, or green traps with dichlorvos, or green traps without dichlorvos; but they also contained more nonphytophagous insects. Yellow traps also enhanced the catches of thrips on card traps associated with them. These results offer an opportunity for the South African chicory industry to reduce pesticide applications and thus mitigate environmental impacts.
菊苣，菊苣属（菊科），是南非东开普省的一种主要大田作物。有几种害虫以该植物的叶片为食，导致产量下降。其中最重要的是夜蛾科害虫棉铃虫（Hübner）、烟芽夜蛾（Walker）和甘蓝夜蛾（F.）。使用诱捕杀灭陷阱为控制这些害虫提供了一种替代广泛使用杀虫剂的方法。三块田地用常规杀虫剂处理，三块田地用黄色诱捕陷阱处理。每块田地额外放置八个陷阱，其中一半陷阱含有杀虫剂二氯二甲基磷酸乙烯酯（敌敌畏），另一半不含敌敌畏；并且一半是黄色，一半是绿色。从这八个陷阱中测量蛾类总数和非植食性昆虫的多样性。虽然在使用杀虫剂处理的田地和使用诱捕陷阱处理的田地之间，未观察到棉铃虫或甘蓝夜蛾捕获量的差异，但在使用杀虫剂处理的田地中，烟芽夜蛾的数量和蛾类总数显著更高。含有敌敌畏的黄色陷阱捕获的蛾类比不含敌敌畏的黄色陷阱、含有敌敌畏的绿色陷阱或不含敌敌畏的绿色陷阱更多；但它们也捕获了更多的非植食性昆虫。黄色陷阱还增加了与之相关的卡片陷阱上蓟马的捕获量。这些结果为南非菊苣产业提供了一个减少农药使用从而减轻环境影响的机会。
