Casteels H, Hubrechts W, Desmet D
ILVO, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Plant, Crop Protection, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 96, BE-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2007;72(3):517-9.
Due to residues on the witloof chicory heads the use of insecticides is forbidden during forcing. At this moment a suitable chemical control of the leafminer Napomyza cichorii is carried out in the field, based on the phenology and the population density and taking into account the economic threshold level. No chemical treatment is recognized against the root aphid Pemphigus bursarius. For monitoring these pests during the growing season water traps were placed on observation fields, scattered over the Belgian endive production area. The large numbers and the wide variety of other insects caught in the traps in recent years indicate that there is a potential of natural enemies. An inventarisation of the native enemies in witloof chicory fields was started recently using yellow-coloured water traps and pitfall traps; at the same time field observations were done. In all the observation fields we found besides Carabidae and Staphilinidae also Coccinellidae and Syrphidae in large numbers. The numbers and the diversity of Hymenoptera in the water traps were very large. Apart from the field observations witloof chicory heads were investigated during harvest. Parasitized pupae were collected and kept in a climate room. Dacnusa leptogaster (Braconidae), a specific parasite of the witloof chicory fly, hatched. This parasite was also found in the water traps during the growing season.
由于菊苣芽上有残留，在促成栽培期间禁止使用杀虫剂。目前，根据物候学和种群密度，并考虑经济阈值水平，在田间对菊苣潜叶蝇进行了适当的化学防治。对于根蚜梨瘿绵蚜，尚无认可的化学防治方法。为了在生长季节监测这些害虫，在比利时菊苣产区的观察田设置了水诱捕器。近年来，诱捕器捕获的大量其他昆虫表明存在天敌潜力。最近开始使用黄色水诱捕器和陷阱诱捕器对菊苣田的本地天敌进行清查；同时进行了田间观察。在所有观察田中，除了步甲科和隐翅虫科外，还发现了大量的瓢虫科和食蚜蝇科。水诱捕器中膜翅目的数量和多样性非常大。除了田间观察外，在收获时还对菊苣芽进行了调查。收集了被寄生的蛹并保存在气候室中。菊苣潜叶蝇的一种特定寄生虫——细腹茧蜂（茧蜂科）孵化出来。在生长季节，这种寄生虫也在水诱捕器中被发现。
