Friesen W Otto, Kristan William B
Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903-4328, USA.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2007 Dec;17(6):704-11. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2008.01.006. Epub 2008 Mar 12.
Research on the neuronal control of locomotion in leeches spans almost four decades. Recent advances reviewed here include discoveries that: (1) interactions between multiple hormones modulate initiation of swimming; (2) stretch receptors associated with longitudinal muscles interact with the central oscillator circuit via electrical junctions; (3) intersegmental interactions, according to theoretical analyses, must be relatively weak compared to oscillator interactions within ganglia; and (4) multiple interacting neurons control the expression of alternative modes of locomotion. The innovative techniques that facilitated these advances include optical recording of membrane potential changes, simultaneous intracellular injection of high and low molecular weight fluorescent dyes, and detailed modeling via an input-output systems engineering approach.
对水蛭运动的神经控制研究跨越了近四十年。本文所综述的近期进展包括以下发现：（1）多种激素之间的相互作用调节游泳的起始；（2）与纵肌相关的牵张感受器通过电突触与中枢振荡器回路相互作用；（3）根据理论分析，节间相互作用与神经节内的振荡器相互作用相比必定相对较弱；以及（4）多个相互作用的神经元控制运动替代模式的表达。促成这些进展的创新技术包括膜电位变化的光学记录、高分子量和低分子量荧光染料的同时细胞内注射，以及通过输入-输出系统工程方法进行的详细建模。
