Chacín-Bonilla Leonor, Barrios Fernando, Sanchez Yulaicy
Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008 Feb;103(1):45-9. doi: 10.1590/s0074-02762008005000007. Epub 2008 Jan 31.
Few investigations have been conducted on risk factors for Cryptosporidium infection in communities from developing countries. A study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for cryptosporidiosis in San Carlos island, Venezuela. A sample of 515 subjects (mean age +/- SD: 21.4 +/- 17.8 years) was surveyed. Single fecal specimens were collected and modified Ziehl-Neelsen carbolfuchsin staining of formalin-ether concentrate stools were examined for identification of the parasite. Infections with Cryptosporidium (67 of 515, 13%) were common. Prevalence of the parasite varied among sectors of the community; 34 of 67(50.7%) cases of cryptosporidiosis clustered in two sectors with extreme poverty. Variables strongly associated with a higher risk for the infection (p < 0.01) were residing in these sectors versus the remainder, living in a hut or small residence versus a brick or larger house, using an area of backyard rather than a toilet or latrine for defecation, and having contact with soil contaminated with human feces. Crowding was also a risk (p < 0.05). Contact with human feces contaminated-soil may be an important mode of transmission and poverty a predisposing factor for the infection.
针对发展中国家社区中隐孢子虫感染的风险因素，所开展的调查研究较少。委内瑞拉圣卡洛斯岛开展了一项研究，以确定隐孢子虫病的患病率及风险因素。对515名受试者（平均年龄±标准差：21.4±17.8岁）进行了调查。采集了单次粪便样本，并对经福尔马林-乙醚浓缩的粪便进行改良齐尔-尼尔森石炭酸品红染色，以检查寄生虫的鉴定情况。隐孢子虫感染较为常见（515例中有67例，占13%）。该寄生虫的患病率在社区各区域有所不同；67例隐孢子虫病病例中有34例（50.7%）集中在两个极端贫困的区域。与感染风险较高密切相关的变量（p<0.01）包括：居住在这些区域而非其他区域、居住在茅屋或小住所而非砖房或较大房屋、在后院排便而非使用厕所或便池，以及接触被人类粪便污染的土壤。拥挤也是一个风险因素（p<0.05）。接触被人类粪便污染的土壤可能是一种重要的传播方式，而贫困是感染的一个诱发因素。
