Chacín-Bonilla Leonor, Barrios Fernando, Sanchez Yulaicy
Postgrado de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Apartado Postal 15165, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2007 Oct;101(10):1018-24. doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.05.008. Epub 2007 Jul 25.
The epidemiology of Cyclospora cayetanensis is not well understood. Few community-based studies have addressed this issue. A study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for cyclosporiasis in San Carlos Island, Venezuela. A sample of 515 subjects (mean+/-SD: 21.4+/-17.8 years) was surveyed. For identification of the parasite, stools were examined with modified Ziehl-Neelsen carbolfuchsin staining of formalin-ether concentrates. Infections with Cyclospora (43 of 515, 8.3%) were common. There were differences in prevalence of the parasite among sectors of the community: 30 out of 43 (69.8%) cases of cyclosporiasis clustered in two sectors with extreme poverty. Living in these sectors versus the remainder, living in a hut or small residence versus a concrete or larger house, using an area of backyard rather than a toilet or latrine for defecation, and having contact with soil contaminated with human feces were factors strongly associated with the infection (P<0.01). Contact with soil contaminated with human feces might be an important mode of transmission, and poverty a predisposing factor, for the infection.
卡耶坦环孢子虫的流行病学尚不清楚。很少有基于社区的研究探讨过这个问题。在委内瑞拉的圣卡洛斯岛开展了一项研究，以确定环孢子虫病的患病率和风险因素。对515名受试者（平均±标准差：21.4±17.8岁）进行了调查。为了鉴定寄生虫，对粪便进行了改良齐-尼石炭酸复红染色的福尔马林-乙醚浓缩物检查。环孢子虫感染很常见（515例中有43例，占8.3%）。社区各部门之间寄生虫的患病率存在差异：43例环孢子虫病病例中有30例（69.8%）集中在两个极端贫困的部门。与其他部门相比，生活在这些部门、居住在棚屋或小住所而非混凝土或大房子里、在后院排便而非使用厕所或便池，以及接触受人类粪便污染的土壤是与感染密切相关的因素（P<0.01）。接触受人类粪便污染的土壤可能是该感染的一种重要传播方式，而贫困是一个易感因素。
