Vieira L R, Sousa A, Frasco M F, Lima I, Morgado F, Guilhermino L
CIMAR-LA/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
Sci Total Environ. 2008 Jun 1;395(2-3):87-100. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.01.052. Epub 2008 Mar 17.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of two different PAHs and a complex petrochemical mixture on the common goby, Pomatoschistus microps, using selected biomarkers as effect criteria. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and anthracene were used as reference substances, while the water accommodated fraction of #4 fuel-oil (#4 WAF) was used as an example of a petrochemical mixture. P. microps was used since it is both a suitable bioindicator and a good test organism. Groups of fish were exposed to different concentrations of each of the test substances for 96 h and the activities of several enzymes commonly used as biomarkers were determined at the end of the bioassays. All the substances inhibited P. microps acetylcholinesterase (AChE) indicating that they have at least one mechanism of neurotoxicity in common: the disruption of cholinergic transmission by inhibition of AChE. An induction of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was found in fish exposed to BaP or to anthracene, suggesting an increase of the anaerobic pathway of energy production. On the contrary, inhibition of LDH was found in fish exposed to #4 WAF, suggesting a distinct effect of the mixture. An induction of P. microps glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was found in fish exposed to BaP or to #4 WAF, while an inhibition was observed after exposure to anthracene. These results suggest that GST is involved in the detoxification of BaP and #4 WAF, but not of anthracene. All the substances increased catalase activity and isolated PAHs also increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities, while #4 WAF did not cause significant alterations on these enzymes. These results suggest that all the substances may induce oxidative stress on P. microps, with BaP and anthracene apparently having more oxidative stress potential than #4 WAF.
本研究的目的是使用选定的生物标志物作为效应标准，研究两种不同的多环芳烃（PAHs）和一种复杂的石化混合物对欧洲虾虎鱼（Pomatoschistus microps）的影响。以苯并[a]芘（BaP）和蒽作为参考物质，同时将4号燃料油的水相组分（#4 WAF）作为石化混合物的一个例子。选用欧洲虾虎鱼是因为它既是合适的生物指示物，也是良好的试验生物。将鱼分组暴露于每种测试物质的不同浓度下96小时，并在生物测定结束时测定几种常用作生物标志物的酶的活性。所有物质均抑制欧洲虾虎鱼的乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE），表明它们至少有一种共同的神经毒性机制：通过抑制AChE破坏胆碱能传递。在暴露于BaP或蒽的鱼中发现乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性诱导，表明能量产生的无氧途径增加。相反，在暴露于#4 WAF的鱼中发现LDH受到抑制，表明该混合物有独特的效应。在暴露于BaP或#4 WAF的鱼中发现欧洲虾虎鱼谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）活性诱导，而在暴露于蒽后观察到抑制。这些结果表明GST参与BaP和#4 WAF的解毒，但不参与蒽的解毒。所有物质均增加过氧化氢酶活性，分离出的多环芳烃还增加超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性，而#4 WAF对这些酶没有引起显著改变。这些结果表明，所有物质可能都会对欧洲虾虎鱼诱导氧化应激，BaP和蒽的氧化应激潜力明显高于#4 WAF。
