Chilibeck Philip D, Cornish Stephen M
College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, 87 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008 Feb;33(1):200-12. doi: 10.1139/H07-140.
Exercise has a beneficial effect on bone, possibly by stimulating estrogen receptor alpha. Because estrogen up-regulates this receptor, estrogen therapy combined with exercise training may be optimal for increasing bone mineral density. Studies combining estrogen therapy and exercise training in postmenopausal women show mixed results, but indicate that the combination of interventions may be more effective for increasing bone mass than either intervention alone. Plant-like estrogens (i.e phytoestrogens such as soy isoflavones) may act as weak estrogen agonists or antagonists, have small beneficial effects on bone, and may interact with exercise for increasing bone mineral density. Phytoestrogen derived from flaxseed (flax lignans) has not been evaluated as extensively as soy isoflavones and thus its effect on bone is difficult to determine. Estrogen or soy isoflavones given to postmenopausal women results in a small increase in lean tissue mass that may be mediated through estrogen receptor alpha on muscle or through decreased inflammation.
运动对骨骼有有益影响，可能是通过刺激雌激素受体α来实现的。由于雌激素上调这种受体，雌激素疗法与运动训练相结合可能对增加骨密度最为理想。在绝经后女性中联合进行雌激素疗法和运动训练的研究结果不一，但表明联合干预措施在增加骨量方面可能比单独任何一种干预措施都更有效。植物类雌激素（即植物雌激素，如大豆异黄酮）可能作为弱雌激素激动剂或拮抗剂发挥作用，对骨骼有微小的有益影响，并且可能与运动相互作用以增加骨密度。源自亚麻籽的植物雌激素（亚麻木脂素）尚未像大豆异黄酮那样得到广泛评估，因此其对骨骼的影响难以确定。给予绝经后女性雌激素或大豆异黄酮会使瘦组织量略有增加，这可能是通过肌肉上的雌激素受体α介导的，或者是通过减轻炎症来实现的。
