Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022 Dec;13(6):2772-2790. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13057. Epub 2022 Aug 12.
Sarcopenia is an age-related muscle disorder typically associated with a poor quality of life. Its definition has evolved over time, and several underlying causes of sarcopenia in the elderly have been proposed. However, the exact mechanisms involved in sarcopenia, as well as effective treatments for this condition, are not fully understood. The purpose of this article was to conduct a comprehensive review of previous evidence regarding the definition, diagnosis, risk factors, and efficacy of plant-derived natural products for sarcopenia. The methodological approach for the current narrative review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, as well as Google Scholar (up to March 2021) in order to satisfy our objectives. The substantial beneficial effects along with the safety of some plant-derived natural products including curcumin, resveratrol, catechin, soy protein, and ginseng on sarcopenia are reported in this review. Based on clinical studies, nutraceuticals and functional foods may have beneficial effects on physical performance, including handgrip and knee-extension strength, weight-lifting capacity, time or distance travelled before feeling fatigued, mitochondrial function, muscle fatigue, mean muscle fibre area, and total number of myonuclei. In preclinical studies, supplementation with herbs and natural bioactive compounds resulted in beneficial effects including increased plantaris mass, skeletal muscle mass and strength production, increased expression of anabolic factors myogenin, Myf5 and MyoD, enhanced mitochondrial capacity, and inhibition of muscle atrophy and sarcopenia. We found that several risk factors such as nutritional status, physical inactivity, inflammation, oxidative stress, endocrine system dysfunction, insulin resistance, history of chronic disease, mental health, and genetic factors are linked or associated with sarcopenia. The substantial beneficial effects of some nutraceuticals and functional foods on sarcopenia, including curcumin, resveratrol, catechin, soy protein, and ginseng, without any significant side effects, are reported in this review. Plant-derived natural products might have a beneficial effect on various components of sarcopenia. Nevertheless, due to limited human trials, the clinical benefits of plant-derived natural products remain inconclusive. It is suggested that comprehensive longitudinal clinical studies to better understand risk factors over time, as well as identifying a treatment strategy for sarcopenia that is based on its pathophysiology, be undertaken in future investigations.
肌肉减少症是一种与生活质量差相关的与年龄相关的肌肉疾病。其定义随着时间的推移而不断发展，并且已经提出了老年人肌肉减少症的几种潜在原因。然而，肌肉减少症的确切机制以及对此病症的有效治疗方法尚未完全了解。本文的目的是对以前关于植物源性天然产物治疗肌肉减少症的定义、诊断、危险因素和疗效的证据进行全面综述。目前的叙述性综述的方法学方法是使用 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 数据库以及 Google Scholar（截至 2021 年 3 月）进行的，以满足我们的目标。本综述报告了一些植物源性天然产物（包括姜黄素、白藜芦醇、儿茶素、大豆蛋白和人参）在肌肉减少症方面的显著有益作用和安全性。基于临床研究，营养保健品和功能性食品可能对身体机能产生有益影响，包括握力和膝关节伸展力量、举重能力、感到疲劳之前的时间或距离、线粒体功能、肌肉疲劳、平均肌纤维面积和总肌核数量。在临床前研究中，补充草药和天然生物活性化合物可带来有益效果，包括增加比目鱼肌质量、骨骼肌质量和力量产生、增加合成代谢因子肌生成素、Myf5 和 MyoD 的表达、增强线粒体能力以及抑制肌肉萎缩和肌肉减少症。我们发现，一些危险因素，如营养状况、身体活动不足、炎症、氧化应激、内分泌系统功能障碍、胰岛素抵抗、慢性疾病史、心理健康和遗传因素，与肌肉减少症有关或与之相关。本综述报告了一些营养保健品和功能性食品（包括姜黄素、白藜芦醇、儿茶素、大豆蛋白和人参）对肌肉减少症的显著有益作用，且没有任何明显的副作用。植物源性天然产物可能对肌肉减少症的各个方面都有有益的影响。然而，由于人类试验有限，植物源性天然产物的临床益处仍不确定。建议在未来的研究中进行全面的纵向临床研究，以更好地了解随时间推移的危险因素，并根据其病理生理学确定针对肌肉减少症的治疗策略。
