Musen G
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California 92161.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1991 Sep;17(5):954-62. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.17.5.954.
The present study investigated the role of verbal labeling and exposure duration in implicit memory for novel visual patterns. Encoding condition was varied in Experiment 1. Two encoding conditions discouraged verbal labeling and a third required it. In Experiment 2, exposure duration was manipulated to determine whether a new memory representation could be formed after a single 1-s exposure. The results suggest that verbal labeling is not necessary to support priming. Type of encoding did not affect implicit memory, but had a pronounced effect on explicit memory. Furthermore, a single 1-s exposure was sufficient to support priming, and priming was not further enhanced by longer stimulus exposures. In contrast, recognition performance was enhanced by a longer stimulus duration. Thus, priming effects with these novel figures are likely to be supported by newly acquired representations rather than by preexisting memory representations.
本研究调查了言语标记和呈现持续时间在对新视觉模式的内隐记忆中的作用。在实验1中，编码条件有所变化。两种编码条件不鼓励言语标记，第三种条件则要求进行言语标记。在实验2中，对呈现持续时间进行了操纵，以确定在单次1秒呈现后是否能形成新的记忆表征。结果表明，言语标记对于支持启动效应并非必要。编码类型对内隐记忆没有影响，但对显记忆有显著影响。此外，单次1秒的呈现足以支持启动效应，更长时间的刺激呈现并不会进一步增强启动效应。相比之下，更长的刺激持续时间会提高再认表现。因此，这些新图形的启动效应可能是由新获得的表征而非预先存在的记忆表征所支持。
