von Hippel W, Hawkins C
Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
Percept Psychophys. 1994 Nov;56(5):525-35. doi: 10.3758/bf03206949.
The recent explosion of research on implicit memory has facilitated the examination of perceptual and conceptual processes in the encoding of information. Nevertheless, stimulus exposure time--the amount of time that a stimulus is physically available to a perceiver's scrutiny--has received little attention. In the present paper, we examine the effect of stimulus exposure time on three implicit memory measures (word-fragment completion, perceptual identification, and general knowledge) and two explicit memory measures (graphemic cued recall and semantic cued recall). In Experiment 1, we demonstrated that increases in exposure time lead to increases in implicit perceptual memory, but not to implicit conceptual memory, when the encoding task focuses on perceptual features of the stimulus. We replicated this effect in Experiment 2 and demonstrated that increases in exposure time lead to increases in perceptual and conceptual memory when the measures are explicit. Thus, the current experiments demonstrate that manipulations of exposure time lead to dissociations in implicit, but not explicit, memory.
近期对内隐记忆研究的激增推动了对信息编码过程中感知和概念加工的考察。然而，刺激呈现时间——即刺激实际可供感知者审视的时长——却很少受到关注。在本文中，我们考察了刺激呈现时间对三项内隐记忆测量指标（单词片段完成、知觉识别和常识）以及两项外显记忆测量指标（字素线索回忆和语义线索回忆）的影响。在实验1中，我们证明当编码任务聚焦于刺激的感知特征时，呈现时间的增加会导致内隐感知记忆增强，但不会使内隐概念记忆增强。我们在实验2中重复了这一效应，并证明当测量指标为外显时，呈现时间的增加会导致感知记忆和概念记忆增强。因此，当前的实验表明，对呈现时间的操控会导致内隐记忆而非外显记忆出现分离。
