Morris Dylan M, Jensen Grant J
Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Annu Rev Biochem. 2008;77:583-613. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.061206.173846.
Following decades of research in genetics and biochemistry, the basic metabolism of bacteria is now well understood. In addition to core metabolism, however, bacterial cells also perform a number of mechanical tasks such as maintaining a characteristic shape, moving within their environment, segregating their genome, and dividing. Major advances in imaging technologies including fluorescence light microscopy (fLM) and electron cryotomography (ECT) have provided new insight into the bacterial ultrastructures that accomplish these tasks. It is now clear, for instance, that bacteria are highly organized, possessing cytoskeletons, specifically arranged genomes, internal compartments, and carefully positioned macromolecular machines. These structures and their functions are reviewed here in the form of a progress report toward a complete biomechanical understanding of a generalized bacterial cell. The goal of eventually integrating genetic, biochemical, imaging, and biophysical data into spatially explicit, mechanically predictive models of whole cells is highlighted.
经过数十年在遗传学和生物化学领域的研究，细菌的基本代谢如今已为人所熟知。然而，除了核心代谢之外，细菌细胞还执行许多机械任务，如维持特定形状、在其环境中移动、分离其基因组以及进行分裂。包括荧光显微镜（fLM）和电子冷冻断层扫描（ECT）在内的成像技术的重大进展，为完成这些任务的细菌超微结构提供了新的见解。例如，现在很清楚的是，细菌具有高度的组织性，拥有细胞骨架、特定排列的基因组、内部隔室以及精心定位的大分子机器。本文以进展报告的形式对这些结构及其功能进行了综述，旨在全面了解广义细菌细胞的生物力学。最终将遗传、生化、成像和生物物理数据整合到全细胞的空间明确、机械预测模型中的目标也得到了强调。
