Murakami Kentaro, Sasaki Satoshi, Takahashi Yoshiko, Uenishi Kazuhiro, Watanabe Tomoko, Kohri Toshiyuki, Yamasaki Mitsuyo, Watanabe Reiko, Baba Keiko, Shibata Katsumi, Takahashi Toru, Hayabuchi Hitomi, Ohki Kazuko, Suzuki Junko
Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Nutrition. 2008 Jun;24(6):554-61. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.02.003. Epub 2008 Mar 24.
High glycemic index (GI) carbohydrates may increase brain serotonin, which in turn acts to alleviate premenstrual symptoms, because, although the main determinant of brain serotonin concentration is a high plasma ratio of tryptophan to other large neutral amino acids, a high-GI diet has been shown to increase this ratio. In this observational cross-sectional study, we investigated associations between dietary GI and other dietary carbohydrates and premenstrual symptoms.
Subjects were 640 female Japanese dietetic students 18-22 y of age. Dietary carbohydrates were assessed using a validated, self-administered, comprehensive diet history questionnaire. Menstrual cycle symptoms were assessed using the retrospective version of the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ). Independent associations of dietary GI and glycemic load and intake of available carbohydrate and dietary fiber with the MDQ total score and subscale scores (pain, concentration, behavioral change, autonomic reactions, water retention, and negative affect) in the premenstrual phase (expressed as percentages relative to those in the intermenstrual phase) were examined.
Dietary GI was independently inversely associated with total MDQ score in the premenstrual phase (P for trend = 0.02). Dietary GI also showed independent and inverse associations with several MDQ subscale scores in the premenstrual phase, including concentration, autonomic reactions, and water retention (P for trend < 0.05). Conversely, dietary glycemic load and intake of available carbohydrate and dietary fiber were not associated with any of the MDQ scores in the premenstrual phase.
Dietary GI was independently associated with decreased premenstrual symptoms in a group of young Japanese women.
高血糖指数（GI）碳水化合物可能会增加大脑中的血清素，进而缓解经前症状，因为尽管大脑血清素浓度的主要决定因素是血浆中色氨酸与其他大型中性氨基酸的比例较高，但高GI饮食已被证明可提高该比例。在这项观察性横断面研究中，我们调查了饮食GI及其他膳食碳水化合物与经前症状之间的关联。
研究对象为640名18 - 22岁的日本女性营养学专业学生。使用经过验证的、自我管理的综合饮食史问卷评估膳食碳水化合物。使用Moos经前困扰问卷（MDQ）的回顾版评估月经周期症状。研究了饮食GI、血糖负荷以及可利用碳水化合物和膳食纤维摄入量与经前期MDQ总分及各子量表得分（疼痛、注意力、行为改变、自主反应、水潴留和负面影响）之间的独立关联（以相对于月经间期的百分比表示）。
经前期饮食GI与MDQ总分呈独立负相关（趋势P值 = 0.02）。饮食GI在经前期还与几个MDQ子量表得分呈独立负相关，包括注意力、自主反应和水潴留（趋势P值 < 0.05）。相反，饮食血糖负荷以及可利用碳水化合物和膳食纤维的摄入量与经前期的任何MDQ得分均无关联。
在一组年轻日本女性中，饮食GI与经前症状减轻独立相关。
