巴西福塔雷萨市自来水中三卤甲烷的风险评估。
Risk assessment of trihalomethanes from tap water in Fortaleza, Brazil.
作者信息
Viana Rommel B, Cavalcante Rivelino M, Braga Fuad M G, Viana Anderson B, de Araujo José C, Nascimento Ronaldo F, Pimentel André S
机构信息
Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400 Cx. Postal 780, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
出版信息
Environ Monit Assess. 2009 Apr;151(1-4):317-25. doi: 10.1007/s10661-008-0273-y. Epub 2008 Mar 26.
The cancer risks (CR) by oral ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation exposure of trihalomethanes (THM) from tap water of ten districts in Fortaleza, Brazil were estimated. The mean levels of THM compounds were obtained in Fortaleza tap water as follow: 63.9 microg L(-1) for chloroform (CHCl(3)), 40.0 microg L(-1) for bromodichloromethane (CHBrCl(2)), and 15.6 microg L(-1) for dibromochloromethane (CHBr(2)Cl). Bromoform (CHBr(3)) was not detected. The mean CR for THMs in tap water is 3.96 x 10(-4). The results indicate that Fortaleza residents have a higher CR by inhalation than dermal absorption and oral ingestion. The CR for CHCl(3) contributes with 68% as compared with the total CR, followed by CHBrCl(2) (21%), and CHBr(2)Cl (11%). The hazard index (HI) is about ten times lower than unity, not indicating non-cancer effects.
对巴西福塔雷萨十个地区自来水中三卤甲烷（THM）经口服摄入、皮肤吸收和吸入暴露的癌症风险（CR）进行了估算。福塔雷萨自来水中THM化合物的平均含量如下：氯仿（CHCl₃）为63.9微克/升，溴二氯甲烷（CHBrCl₂）为40.0微克/升，二溴氯甲烷（CHBr₂Cl）为15.6微克/升。未检测到溴仿（CHBr₃）。自来水中THM的平均癌症风险为3.96×10⁻⁴。结果表明，福塔雷萨居民通过吸入的癌症风险高于皮肤吸收和口服摄入。与总癌症风险相比，CHCl₃的癌症风险占68%，其次是CHBrCl₂（21%）和CHBr₂Cl（11%）。危害指数（HI）约比1低十倍，未表明存在非癌症效应。
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