Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad 826004, India.
J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2014 Apr 23;12:73. doi: 10.1186/2052-336X-12-73. eCollection 2014.
Human health risk assessment from exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) during drinking and bathing water vary from country to country as per life expectancy, body mass index, water consumption pattern and individual concentration of DBPs component, etc.
Present study considered average direct water intake per person for adult males and females as 4 & 3 L/day, respectively as per Indian literature for risk evaluation from another component of pollutant. While other important factor like average life expectancy, body weight & body surface area for male and female were considered 64 & 67 years, 51.9 & 45.4 Kg and 1.54 & 1.38 m(2) respectively as per Indian Council of Medical Research and WHO report. The corresponding lifetime cancer risk of the formed THMs to human beings was estimated by the USEPA and IRIS method as per Indian population.
The total cancer risk reached 8.99 E-04 and 8.92 E-04 for males and females, respectively, the highest risk from THMs seems to be from the inhalation route followed by ingestion and dermal contacts.
The multipath way evaluations of lifetime cancer risks for THMs exposure through ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation exposure were examined at the highest degree of danger. Results reveals that water containing THMs of the selected water treatment plant of the eastern part of India was unsafe in terms of risk evaluation through inhalation and ingestion, while dermal route of risk was found very close to permissible limit of USEPA. Sensitivity analysis shows that every input parameter is sole responsible for total risk potential, whereas exposure duration playing important role for estimation of total risk.
由于预期寿命、体重指数、水摄入量模式和个体中 DBPs 成分的浓度等因素的不同，人们在饮用和洗浴水中接触到的消毒副产物（DBPs）对健康造成的风险评估因国家而异。
本研究考虑了印度文献中评估另一种污染物成分风险时，成年男性和女性的人均直接饮水分别为 4 升/天和 3 升/天。而其他重要因素，如男性和女性的平均预期寿命、体重和体表面积，分别为 64 岁和 67 岁、51.9 公斤和 45.4 公斤以及 1.54 平方米和 1.38 平方米，这些数据来源于印度医学研究理事会和世界卫生组织的报告。根据印度人口，采用美国环保署和 IRIS 方法，估算了形成的 THMs 对人类的终生癌症风险。
男性和女性的总癌症风险分别达到 8.99 E-04 和 8.92 E-04，THMs 造成的最高风险似乎来自吸入途径，其次是摄入和皮肤接触。
通过摄入、皮肤吸收和吸入暴露途径，对 THMs 暴露的终生癌症风险进行了多途径评估，评估结果显示，印度东部选定的水处理厂的水中含有 THMs，从风险评估的角度来看，通过吸入和摄入这两种途径，这些水是不安全的，而皮肤接触途径的风险则非常接近美国环保署的允许限度。敏感性分析表明，每个输入参数都单独负责总风险潜力，而暴露时间在总风险估算中起着重要作用。
