Todd Catherine S, Nassiramanesh Bijan, Stanekzai Mohammad Raza, Kamarulzaman Adeeba
Division of International Health and Cross-cultural Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mailstop 0622, La Jolla, CA 92093-0622, USA.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2007 Dec;4(4):151-7. doi: 10.1007/s11904-007-0022-9.
Harm reduction, including needle exchange and opioid substitution therapy, has been demonstrated to reduce high-risk behavior and HIV infection among injection drug users. An increasing number of countries in the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia, including those with Muslim majorities, have experienced or are at risk for HIV epidemics initiated by burgeoning injection drug use. Although use of intoxicants is expressly forbidden within Islam, the local culture impacts the interpretation of Islamic law and influences the response to drug misuse, whether punitive or therapeutic. Harm reduction programming has received varying acceptance within this global region, which may be reflected by national trends in HIV prevalence. The purpose of this paper is to examine cultural and religious response to injecting drug use and associated HIV prevalence trends in Malaysia and Iran, with possible application of lessons learned to an emerging situation in Afghanistan.
减少伤害，包括针头交换和阿片类药物替代疗法，已被证明可减少注射吸毒者中的高危行为和艾滋病毒感染。中东、北非和亚洲越来越多的国家，包括那些穆斯林占多数的国家，已经经历或面临因注射吸毒迅速蔓延而引发的艾滋病毒流行风险。尽管伊斯兰教明确禁止使用麻醉品，但当地文化影响着对伊斯兰教法的解释，并影响对药物滥用的应对措施，无论是惩罚性的还是治疗性的。减少伤害方案在这个全球区域得到了不同程度的接受，这可能反映在各国艾滋病毒流行率的趋势上。本文的目的是研究马来西亚和伊朗对注射吸毒及相关艾滋病毒流行趋势的文化和宗教应对措施，并探讨能否将从中吸取的经验教训应用于阿富汗的新情况。
