Ogunwande G A, Osunade J A, Adekalu K O, Ogunjimi L A O
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Bioresour Technol. 2008 Nov;99(16):7495-503. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.02.020. Epub 2008 Mar 25.
The study was undertaken to investigate the effects of carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio and turning frequency (TF) on the loss of total nitrogen (TN) during composting of chicken litter (a mixture of chicken manure, waste feed, feathers and sawdust) with a view to producing good quality compost. Carbon to nitrogen ratios of 20:1, 25:1 and 30:1 and TF of 2, 4 and 6 days were experimented. The initial physico-chemical properties of the litter were determined. During the composting process, moisture level in the piles was periodically replenished to 55% and the temperature, pH and TN of the chicken litter were periodically monitored. Also, the dry matter (DM), total carbon (TC), total phosphorus (P) and total potassium (K) were examined at the end of composting. The results showed that both C:N ratio and TF had significant (p < or = 0.05) effect on pile temperature, pH changes, TN, TC, P and K losses while DM was only affected (p < or = 0.05) by C:N ratio. All treatments reached maturation at about 87 days as indicated by the decline of pile temperatures to near ambient temperature. Losses of TN, which were largely attributed to volatilization of ammonia (NH3), were highest within the first 28 days when the pile temperatures and pH values were above 33 degrees C and 7.7, respectively. Moisture loss increased as C:N ratio and TF increased. In conclusion, the treatment with a combination of 4 days TF and C:N ratio 25:1 (T4R25) had the minimum TN loss (70.73% of the initial TN) and this indicated the most efficient combination.
本研究旨在探讨碳氮比（C:N）和翻堆频率（TF）对鸡粪堆肥（鸡粪、废弃饲料、羽毛和锯末的混合物）过程中总氮（TN）损失的影响，以期生产出优质堆肥。实验采用了20:1、25:1和30:1的碳氮比以及2天、4天和6天的翻堆频率。测定了鸡粪堆肥初始的物理化学性质。在堆肥过程中，定期向堆体补充水分至55%，并定期监测鸡粪堆肥的温度、pH值和总氮含量。此外，在堆肥结束时检测了干物质（DM）、总碳（TC）、总磷（P）和总钾（K）含量。结果表明，碳氮比和翻堆频率对堆体温度、pH值变化、总氮、总碳、磷和钾的损失均有显著影响（p≤0.05），而干物质仅受碳氮比影响（p≤0.05）。随着堆体温度降至接近环境温度，所有处理在约87天达到成熟。总氮损失主要归因于氨（NH3）挥发，在堆体温度和pH值分别高于33℃和7.7的前28天内损失最高。水分损失随碳氮比和翻堆频率的增加而增加。总之，4天翻堆频率和25:1碳氮比的组合处理（T4R25）总氮损失最小（为初始总氮的70.73%），表明该组合最为有效。
