Departments of Reproductive Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Schwartz Center for Metabolism and Nutrition, MetroHealth Medical Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.
Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2006 Summer;4(2):84-90. doi: 10.1089/met.2006.4.84.
Current evidence suggests that both diet and exercise can alter the usual increase in insulin resistance seen in Western societies during mid and late pregnancy. A low-glycemic diet combined with a low-volume exercise regimen during pregnancy decreases the glucose and insulin response to both mixed caloric intake and exercise, and probably lowers both 24-h blood glucose concentrations and the maternal substrate utilization ratio of carbohydrate/fat. The end result is a marked decrease in both maternal weight gain and size at birth. Regular weight-bearing exercise alone lowers markers of insulin resistance and lowers blood glucose concentration during and immediately after exercise during pregnancy. Changes in diet and/or physical activity appear to prevent the onset of gestational diabetes mellitus in at-risk women and may be of value in the treatment of those who develop gestational diabetes.
目前的证据表明，饮食和运动都可以改变中晚期妊娠期间西方社会中常见的胰岛素抵抗增加。在妊娠期间，低升糖指数饮食结合低容量运动方案可降低混合热量摄入和运动后的葡萄糖和胰岛素反应，可能还会降低 24 小时血糖浓度和母体碳水化合物/脂肪的底物利用率。最终结果是母体体重增加和出生体重都明显减少。单独进行有规律的负重运动可以降低胰岛素抵抗标志物，并降低妊娠期间和运动后即刻的血糖浓度。饮食和/或体力活动的改变似乎可以预防高危妇女发生妊娠期糖尿病，并可能对治疗已发生妊娠期糖尿病的患者有价值。
