Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
Nutrients. 2021 May 31;13(6):1884. doi: 10.3390/nu13061884.
Dietary advice is the cornerstone of care for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, adherence to this advice is variable. We aimed to identify the proportion of women with GDM who adhere to the New Zealand nutrition guideline recommendations and assess the sociodemographic factors linked to dietary adherence. We assessed dietary intake at 36 weeks' gestation in a cohort of 313 women with GDM and compared this with the dietary recommendations for the management of GDM. Associations between maternal characteristics and dietary adherence were assessed using ANOVA, chi square, logistic regression, and linear regression tests. Women with GDM had an average adherence score of 6.17 out of 10 to dietary recommendations, but no one adhered to all the recommendations. Adherence to recommendations was lowest for saturated fat, and wholegrain breads and cereals. While 85% visited a dietitian, only 28% of women achieved their recommended weight gain. Maternal factors associated with lower dietary adherence were primiparity, no previous history of GDM, being underweight, and smoking. Adherence to the dietary recommendations by women with GDM in New Zealand for the management could be improved. Further research is needed to identify ways for women with GDM to improve their dietary adherence.
饮食建议是妊娠糖尿病（GDM）女性护理的基石。然而，对这些建议的遵守情况是可变的。我们旨在确定遵守新西兰营养指南建议的 GDM 女性比例，并评估与饮食遵守相关的社会人口因素。我们在 313 名 GDM 女性的队列中评估了妊娠 36 周时的饮食摄入情况，并将其与 GDM 管理的饮食建议进行了比较。使用方差分析、卡方检验、逻辑回归和线性回归检验评估了母亲特征与饮食遵守之间的关联。GDM 女性的平均饮食遵守评分是 10 分中的 6.17 分，但没有人完全遵守所有建议。对饱和脂肪、全麦面包和谷物的建议遵守程度最低。尽管 85%的女性都咨询了营养师，但只有 28%的女性达到了推荐的体重增加量。与较低的饮食遵守相关的母亲因素包括初产妇、没有 GDM 的既往病史、体重过轻和吸烟。新西兰 GDM 女性在管理方面对饮食建议的遵守情况可以得到改善。需要进一步研究以确定 GDM 女性改善饮食遵守的方法。
